Term
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Definition
Benzodiazepine (aka Valium)
Sedative-hypnotic
Also used to treat epilepsy, esp. status epilepticus |
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Term
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Definition
5-HT1A receptor agonist
Anxiolytic with little or no sedation |
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Term
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Definition
Barbiturate
No longer used as a sedative-hypnotic
Used as an anesthetic (i.v.) |
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Term
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Definition
Barbiturate
No longer used as a sedative-hypnotic
Used as an anticonvulant |
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Term
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Definition
Beta-adrenergic antagonist
Used to treat forms of anxiety with physical symptoms (e.g. sweating)
No effect in the affective component |
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Term
Chloral hydrate
Methaqualone |
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Definition
Sedative-hypnotic drugs
Miscellaneous |
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Term
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Definition
Benzodiazepine
Sedative-hypnotic
Also used to treat epilepsy |
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Term
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Definition
Benzodiazepine
Sedative-hypnotic
Also used to treat insomnia but replaced by Lorazepam
Long half-life, potential for "drug hangover" |
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Term
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Definition
Benzodiazepine
Sedative-hypnotic
Also used to treat insomnia, shorter half-life than flurazepam |
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Term
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Definition
Benzodiazepine antagonist
Reverses the effects of BZ acute overdose |
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Term
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Definition
General CNS depressant
Acute use: affects primarily the CNS (e.g. disinhibition, motor ataxia, slurred speech)
Chronic use: affects other organ systems & adversely affects the fetus (e.g. FASD) |
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Term
Amphetamine (Dexedrine)
Methamphetamine (Methedrine, Speed) |
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Definition
Psychomotor stimulant
Competitively inhibits DAT & VMAT, increases extracellular DA |
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Term
| Methylphenidate (Ritalin) |
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Definition
Psychomotor stimulant
Competitively inhibits DAT & VMAT, increases extracellular DA
Clinical use in ADHD |
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Term
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Definition
Psychomotor stimulant
Inhibits DAT, increases extracellular DA
Used as a topical (local) anesthetic & recreationally
Rapid distribution and elimination, thus short duration of action |
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Term
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Definition
Methylxanthine
Psychomotor stimulant most widely used
Blockade of adenosine receptors, inhibits PDE thereby increasing cAMP |
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Term
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Definition
Methylxanthine
Psychomotor stimulant
Blockade of adenosine receptors, inhibits PDE thereby increasing cAMP |
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Term
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Definition
Psychotomimetic drug
Produces schizophrenia-like symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Psychotomimetic drug
Actions produced by THC, including withdrawal symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
Alkaloid
Depletes brain monoamines & precipitates depressive symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
Tricyclic antidepressant(1st gen)
Inhibition of NE & 5-HT reuptake
As effective as SSRIs but more side effects |
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Term
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Definition
2nd/3rd gen antidepressants
Mechanism of action unknown
Weak inhibitors of monoamine reuptake |
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Term
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Definition
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
Increases 5-HT in the synaptic cleft
May promote desensitization of 5-HT autoreceptor (negative feedback)
As effective as TCAs but less side effects |
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Term
Tranylcypromine
Phenylzine |
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Definition
Monoamine oxidase inhibitor
Original antidepressant
Inhibition of both MAO-A (metabolizes NE and 5-HT) & MAO-B (metabolizes DA) in CNS & periphery
Increases monoamine availability
Secondary downregulation of post-synaptic monoamine receptors
Used to treat severe depression |
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Term
| Lithium ion (Lithium carbonate) |
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Definition
Mood stabilizer (classical drug)
Decreased NE release, increased NE reputake
Stabilization of alpha adrenoreceptor sensitivity to NE via interference with phosphatidylinositol pathway
May be added to antidepressant (bipolar illness) or antipsychotic (schizoaffective disorders) therapy
Low therapeutic index |
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Term
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Definition
Mood stabilizer (newer drug)
Used to treat mania and biopolar illness
Also used as an anticonvulsant |
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Term
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Definition
NMDA receptor antagonist
Precipitates negative symptoms of schizophrenia |
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Term
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Definition
Typical antipsychotic drug
D2>D1
More adverse effects than atypical group |
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Term
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Definition
Typical antipsychotic drug
D2>>D1
More adverse effects than atypical group |
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Term
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Definition
Atypical antipsychotic drug
5-HT2>D1=D2
Less adverse effects than typical group
Higher efficacy in treatment-resistant patients and negative symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
Atypical antipsychotic drug
5-HT2>D2
Less adverse effects than typical group
Higher efficacy in treatment-resistant patients and negative symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
Precursor of DA
Most effective agent in treating PD
Often used with DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor or else distribution would be <1% |
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Term
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Definition
DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor
Often used with DA to treat PD |
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Term
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Definition
DA Dreceptor agonist
Used in the treatment of PD |
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Term
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Definition
COMT inhibitor
Used in the treatment of PD
Inhibits DA metabolism |
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Term
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Definition
Irreversible MAO-B inhibitor
Used in the treatment of PD
Inhibits DA metabolism |
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Term
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Definition
Antiviral agent
Used for prophylaxis & treatment of influenza A, & PD
Releases DA from nerve terminals |
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Term
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Definition
Muscarinic AchR antagonist
Used in the treatment of PD (esp. resting tremor) before the development of L-DOPA when PD was thought to be caused by an imbalance of DA and Ach |
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Term
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Definition
Natural opioid agonist
Long-acting
Used to treat dyspnea from pulmonary edema associated with left ventricular failure |
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Term
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Definition
Natural opioid agonist
Long-acting |
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Term
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Definition
Semi-synthetic opioid agonist
Probably long-acting |
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Term
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Definition
Semi-synthetic opioid agonist
Long-acting, most potent |
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Term
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Definition
Semi-synthetic opioid agonist
Long-acting |
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Term
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Definition
Synthetic opioid receptor agonist
Long-acting |
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Term
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Definition
Synthetic opioid receptor agonist
Short-acting
Used as an anesthetic especially for CV surgery
Used pre-operatively for sedative, anxiolytic & analgesic effects
Used intra-operatively as adjunct or primary anesthetic |
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Term
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Definition
Synthetic opioid receptor agonist
Short-acting |
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Term
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Definition
Synthetic opioid receptor agonist
Short-acting, most potent |
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Term
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Definition
Mixed opioid receptor agonist/antagonist
Agonist activity >> antagonist activity |
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Term
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Definition
Mixed opioid receptor agonist/antagonist
Partial activation of mu receptors |
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Term
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Definition
Opioid receptor antagonist
Used to treat opioid dependence
Reverses opioid overdose
No activation of mu, delta or kappa receptors |
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Term
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Definition
Opioid receptor antagonist
Used to treat alcohol dependence
No activation of mu, delta or kappa receptors |
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Term
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Definition
Opioid receptor agonist
Used to treat diarrhea |
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