Medical practices that reduce the numbers of microorganisms or interrupt transmission from one person to another person or from person to place or object.

Medical aseptic technique (clean technique).

e.q. linen you take from the linen cart is clean, after it is carried into the patient's room, it is considered dirty and must be put in the hamper because it is exposed to the patient pathogens, the linen must be laundered.

Keeping  each patients' equipment and supplies separate from those from other patient is part of medical aseptic technique.

• Bacteria; cause infection in the skin, respiratory tract, urinary tract and bloodstream (examp: Streptococcus hemolyticus causes septic sore throat and rheumatic fever, staphylococci causes surgical wound infection, abscesses, boils, toxic shock syndrome, diplococcus causes neisseria gonorrhoeae)
• Fungi; yeast infection, molds (infection in the lungs of human Aspergillus); known as opportunistic parasites
• Viruses; smallest microbe, examp: HIV, Hepatities, Herpes, chickenpox, influenza, cold, measles, mumps
• Protozoa; live on living matter, examp: malaria, toxoplasmosis, african sleeping sickness, amebiases (S/S diarrhea, dysentery, encephalitis)
• Rickettsia

Microbe that causing disease - commonly called germs

Pathogenic - causing disease

• Source of the infecting microorganism
• Method or mode of transmission (manner in which the pathogen is carried to another person)
• Susceptible host (a person who will become ill from the entry of pathogens into the body/patient).

• Blood, body fluids (except sweat), secretions and excretions.
• Mucous membranes
• Nonintact skin

• Respiratory mucus (phlegm)
• Cerebrospinal fluid
• Urine
• Feces
• Vaginal secretions
• Semen
• Vomitus

D A V I D 

• Direct Contact : touching patient, rubbing secretions from pts
• Airbone transmission :dust particles and moisture in the air.
• Vehicle/Vector :contaminated food, drugs, water or blood anything that can be carried from one living being to another such as animals.
• Indirect Contact : touching objects contaminated with pathogenic microorganism such as dishes, bed etc.
• Droplet spread : within three feet - sneezing, coughing, talking.
• Droplet spread

Use for disease that transmitted by air currents. The pathogens are small an light and are suspended in the air pr on dust particles in the air. Travel long distance by natural air currents and through ventilation systems.

e.q. Tuberculosis

Host (the person who harbors infectious organism)does not have enough resistance to the infectious agent. An infection develops in the host when infectious organisms 

• penetrate the body
• begin to multiply
• cause damage to the host

Emotional stress and fatigue also cause progress the infection.

Person risk for infection:

• Number and strength of infectious organism
• General Health of the individual
• Age, sex and heredity of the individual
• Condition of the person's immune system

I the physician suspects that a patient has a bacterial infection, this test may be ordered. The culture tells the physician what type of microbe is causing the infection.

The sensitivity tells the physician which antibiotic should be use to treat the infection.

response to the antigen, the blood develops substances.

e.q measles if somebody has had antigens int the bloodstream, he will form antibodies in the blood that prevent the occurrence of measles a second time.

Where pathogens can survive.

Four most common :

1. Human : active cases and carier
2. insects and animals
3. environment
4. Fomites (object that become contaminated with infectious material that contains the microbe).

in healt care :

bedpans and urinals, doorknobs, faucet handles, linens, instrument, containers with specimens for laboratory analysis.

• Cases - people with acute illness including obvious signs and symptoms. e.q.  person with chicken pork
• Carriers - persons who are infectious and can give a disease to other.

• Attack and destroy the cells they invade
• Produce poisons called toxins
• Cause sensitive responses called allergies

your eyes, nose, mouth, mucous membranes, or nonintact skin had contact with blood or other potentially infectious material.

Wash well with water and soap, report to your supervisor.

Competency Exam Prep & Review for Nursing Assistants

 By Barbara Acello

Principles of Medical Asepsis includes :

1. Handwashing
2. Proper handling of food
3. Separation of clean and dirty
4. Disinfection of supplies and equipment
5. Proper handling of linens
6. Proper disposal of liquids
7. Facility policy for wearing gloves
8. Proper handling of body waste
9. Maintain good healt
10. Personal illness
11. Personal Protective Equipment
12. Handwashing.

Set of factors necessary for an infection to spread.

The factor are :

• Source (Carrier of the germ that cause the disease)
• Resorvior or host (source (place where the pathogen/germ can live and reproduce or growth).
• Carrier (usually a person who has an infection)
• Causative agent (the germ that causes the disease)
• transmission (the way in which the pathogen is spread from one person to another person)
• portal of exit (the method by which the pathogen leaves the host. This is commonly in secretion or body fluid)
• Portal of entry (place where the germ can get into suspectible host's body)
• susceptibility : the ability or inability of the susceptible's host's body to resist infection and illness.