Term
baby < 1 month old
baby < 1 year old |
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Definition
< 1 month = neonate
< 1 year = infant |
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Term
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Definition
C/S or foreceps/vacuum assisted delivery
birth injuries (clavicle fx, brachial plexus injury, facial nerve injury)
hypoglycemia |
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Term
baby born < 37 weeks
baby born 37-42 weeks
baby born > 42 weeks |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
apperance: 0 = complete cyanosis 1= acrocyanosis 2 = completely pink
pulse: 0 = none 1 = <100 2 = >100
grimmace: 0=none 1=grimmace w/stimulation 2=grimmace/cough/sneeze
activity: 0=limp 1=some flexion 2=active motion
respiraton: 0=none 1=weak cry 2=strong cry |
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Term
| APGAR above 5 in first minute and between 8-10 at five minutes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| APGAR 4 or less in first minute |
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Definition
| severe depression, immediate resuscitation |
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Term
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Definition
LBW < 2500g
VLBW <1500g
ELBW <1000g |
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Term
| Physical Maturity Rating Scales |
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Definition
Dubowitz = overestimates HA in preterm infants.
New Ballard Scale = shorter and more accurate in pre-term and term infants. |
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Term
| Newborn postpartum protocol |
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Definition
Eye prophylaxis = 1% silver nitrate solution 2 gtts or 0.5% erythromycin 1cm ribbon
Vit K 1mg IM
PE, Physical maturity rating
Otoacoustic Emission Hearing Test
Hep B Vaccine
Info/Edu = pediatrician in 2-3 days post discharge |
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Term
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Definition
temp = 98-100
RR = 40-60
HR = 120-180
BW, BL, HC
heart and lungs first. |
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Term
| weak femoral pulses suggests |
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Definition
| coarctation of the aorta or left ventricular flow tract obstruction |
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Term
| no breathing > 10 seconds |
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Definition
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Term
| Cheesy Varnish with antibacterial properties |
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Definition
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Term
| bluish/cyanotic color to hands & feet. Usually no clubbing. |
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Definition
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Term
| suggests congenital heart disease, pulmonary disease, or sepsis |
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Definition
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Term
| look for this in midline of back from occiput to coccyx in pilonidal region. May occur from nasal bridge |
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Definition
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Term
| "milk bumps", white distinct papules usually on face/chest |
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Definition
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Term
| hyperpigmented patches usually on buttocks/back/extremities. MC in AA/H/Asian/Mediterranean |
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Definition
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Term
| multiple erythematous pin-point papules dispersed on the face/trunk/extremities |
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Definition
| erythema toxicum neonatorium |
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Term
| whitish yellow cysts that form on gums or palate |
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Definition
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Term
| fine hair all over the body, mainly on shoulders/back |
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Definition
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Term
| erythematous papules/pustules |
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Definition
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Term
| marble-like purplish discoloration of the skin |
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Definition
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Term
| benign nonerythematous milky vesicles hands/feet |
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Definition
| benign pustular melanosis |
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Term
| arterial or venous clusters |
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Definition
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Term
| erythematous birthmark persists for life |
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Definition
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Term
| brown or black discolored lesions that thicken with age |
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Definition
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Term
| causes problems if over hte trigeminal-nerve region |
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Definition
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Term
| "blueberry baby" Presents with CMV rubella infections |
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Definition
| extramedullary hematopoeisis |
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Term
| flea bitten appearance, wright stain = eosinophils. Gram stain = negative |
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Definition
| Erythema Toxicum Neonatorum |
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Term
| erythematous papules and pustules present over nose and cheeks |
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Definition
| cephalic pustulosis (neonatal acne) |
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Term
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Definition
| sebaceous gland hyperplasia |
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Term
| erythematous and scaly lesions with interspersed petechiae. associated with HSM, diffuse adenopathy, chronic draining otitis, and diarrhea with poor weight gain. |
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Definition
| Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis |
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Term
| affects skin, may involve CNS, eyes, skeletal. Mainly in females. Thought to be fatal in males in utero. 3 phases: 1 = inflammatory vesicles/bullae. 2 = irregular warty papules. 3 = swirling or streaking pattern of brown/bluish-grey pigmentation on the trunk. |
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Definition
| Incontinentia Pigmenti (IP) |
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Term
| associated with blister development. 3 types: simplex, junctional, dystrophic |
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Definition
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Term
| bliser formation occurs above the basal cell layer of the dermis. No scarring |
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Definition
| Epidermolysis bullosa simplex |
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Term
| blisters form deep within the dermis. Dominant form = localized. Recessive form = growth retardation, development delays, loss of nails, syndactyly, and severe oral blisters. Both = Scarring. |
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Definition
| Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa |
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Term
| can be secondary to forceps trauma |
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Definition
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Term
| eversion and fissuring of the eyelid margins and lips |
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Definition
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Term
| multiple micronodular juvenile exanthogranulomas, should prompt ophthalmologic referral to rule out an associated hyphema |
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Definition
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Term
| most common vascular tumors of infancy, seen mainly in caucasians, females, premies, and babies born to mothers with placental abnormalities |
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Definition
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Term
| benign hemangiomas are limited to what area? |
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Definition
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Term
| hemangiomas reach maximum size by _____ and involute at a rate of ____ per year. Signal of involution is _______. |
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Definition
max size by 6-9 months.
involute at 10% per year.
Signal = graying out. |
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Term
| hemangiomas may involve these other structures (4) |
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Definition
| liver, GI tract, CNS, lungs |
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Term
| tend to be deep in the dermis or subcutaneous fat, skin has a subtle bluish hue, doughy consistency. Dependent positions = enlargement (differientiates them from lymphangiomas) |
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Definition
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Term
| purple-red color from dilated vessels thoughout the dermis and often within subcutaneous tissue. Neither enlarge nor involute. Unilaterally on the face. Can be associated with Sturg-Weber Syndrome of located over the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve. |
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Definition
| Nevus Flamus (Port Wein Stain) |
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Term
| constellation of port-wine stain, vascular malformations of ipsilateral leptomeninges, and cerebral cortex, and glaucoma. |
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Definition
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Term
| mimic a port wine stain but often ulcerate at time of presentation and begin to proliferate rapidly. |
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Definition
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Term
| what does PHACES stand for |
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Definition
Posterior Fossa Malformations
Hemangiomas
Arterial Anomalies
Cardiac Defects
Eye Anomalies
Sternal Clefting |
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Term
| hemangiomas having a "beard" distribution of teh lower face signal the possibility of |
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Definition
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Term
| papulo-nodular purplish lesions clearing occurs 3-6 weeks after birth |
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Definition
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Term
| what test should you do if you find multiple hemangiomas of infancy? |
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Definition
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Term
| common benign vascular tumor, overgrowth of granulation tissue following trauma or foreign object. |
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Definition
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Term
| treatment for pyogenic granuloma |
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Definition
| excision followed by electrodessication of the base |
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Term
| this lesion is a normal variant, found on the nape of the neck and on the glabella, forehead, upper eyelids, or low back, more apparent when the baby cries and fade over the first year of life. |
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Definition
| nevus patch AKA salmon patch stork bite |
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Term
| pigmented plaques associated with dense hair growth, at birth may be tan or light pink with only soft vellous hair, darkens during infancy and childhood |
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Definition
| congenital nevomelanocytic Nevi |
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Term
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Definition
small < 1.5 cm
medium 1.5-20 cm
large > 20 cm |
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Term
| all CNN have the potential for |
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Definition
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Term
| head circumfrence is measured at each well visit until what age? |
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Definition
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Term
| fontanelles should be assessed in what position? |
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Definition
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Term
| excessively large fontanelle associated with Arnold-Chiari Malformation or Myelomeningocele |
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Definition
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Term
| premature of closure of cranial sutures due to abnormal skull or brain development. Children may have increased pressure on the brain which causes learning/ development/ vision/behavioral/ self-esteem problems. |
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Definition
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Term
| most common craniosynostosis, flattening of the forehead and brow on the affected side. |
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Definition
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Term
| fusion of the metopic suture (forehead), prominent ridge down the forehead, pointed, with closely placed eyes (hypotelorism) |
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Definition
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Term
| early fusion of the sagittal suture, long narrow skull |
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Definition
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Term
| optimal time for craniosynostosis surgery |
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Definition
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Term
| absence or defect of some ocular tissue eyelid margin |
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Definition
| coloboma as in Treacher Collins |
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Term
| absence or defect of some ocular tissue in the iris or retina |
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Definition
| coloboma as in CHARGE syndrome |
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Term
| what does CHARGE stand for |
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Definition
Coloboma
Heart Disease
Atresia
Retardation (growth)
Genital hypoplasia
Ear anomalies |
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Term
| white pupillary defect associated with TORCH conditions |
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Definition
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Term
| develops during the first several weeks or months of life. Corneal cloudiness and enlargement, tearing, blepharospasm, and photophobia |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Peter's Anomaly AKA "Peutz Jegher's syndrome" |
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Term
| occurs within 24 hours of instillation of eye prophylaxis after birth, resolves in 48 hours. |
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Definition
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Term
| presents in the first 24-48 hrs after birth, profound lid edema, chemosis, purulent exudates, and corneal ulceration. |
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Definition
| gonorrheal conjunctivitis |
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Term
| treatment for Gonorrheal conjuncitivitis |
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Definition
PCN G QID x 7 days or
rocephin once or
claforon |
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Term
| occurs within 7-14 days after birth. watery discharge that becomes copious and purulent. if untreated --> corneal scarring and pannus formation. |
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Definition
| chlamydial conjunctivitis |
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Term
| treatment for chlamydial conjunctivitis |
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Definition
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Term
| occurs within 2 weeks after birth. keratitis, cataracts, chorioretinitis, or optic neuritis |
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Definition
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Term
| red reflex not present. rapidly developing cancer with the best cure rate of all childhood cancers if found early. |
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Definition
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Term
| hyperoxic environment stops the process of retinal vasculogeneiss and causes newly formed retinal vessels to die, this causes angiogenic factors that cause abnormal growth of retinal vessels (angiogenesis) |
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Definition
| retinopathy of prematurity |
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Term
| unilateral absence or hypoplasia of the pectoralis major muscle |
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Definition
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Term
| widely spaced nipples, excessive nuchal skin, and lympedema. |
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Definition
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Term
| scaphoid abdomen suggests |
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Definition
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Term
| granulating tissue that often times needs silver nitrate cauterization to promote healing. |
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Definition
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Term
| suggests congenital infection or hemolytic anemia |
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Definition
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Term
| bowel loop protruding through an abdominal wall defect, typically to the right of the umbilicus. |
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Definition
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Term
| located in the midline near the umbilicus, is covered with membrane and is associated with a chromosomal abnormality. Liver normally palpable 1-2 cm below the costal margin. |
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Definition
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Term
| due to weakness in the umbilical ring musculature. it is very common and self-resolves by 18 months of age. |
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Definition
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Term
| scrotal swelling that transilluminates |
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Definition
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Term
| mucoid vaginal and serosanguineous secretions, considered normal. |
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Definition
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Term
hip dislocation
hip partially reduced |
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Definition
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Term
| fully abduct and pull femur forward to try to reduce the joing |
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Definition
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Term
| adducts and laterally pushes back to promote dislocation |
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Definition
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Term
| designed to detect unilateral congential hip dislocations. with pt supine, assesses the knee height. |
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Definition
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Term
| forefoot abduction and inversion as well as plantar flexion of the entire foot |
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Definition
| talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) |
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Term
| adduction of the forefoot distal to the metatarsal-tarsal line, spontaneous correction occurs in the first 2 years of life |
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Definition
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Term
| approximation of 2 or more digits by tissue |
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Definition
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Term
| congential anomaly that consists of supernumery fingers or toes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
MC = ulnar side (postaxial)
radial side (preaxial)
rare = middle (central) |
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Term
| difference in polydactyly in AA and Caucasians |
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Definition
AA often by itself
Caucasians usually syndromic and associated with autosomal recessive transmission. |
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Term
| usually have bilateral lower extremity weaknesses others may be asymptomatic |
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Definition
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Term
| will have MC weaknesses, gait deficits, and urinary dysfunction |
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Definition
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Term
| spina bifida cystica is the most serious and common type of spina bifida. Occurs because there is an unfused portion of the spinal column allows the spinal cord to protrude through an opening in the overlying vertebrae. |
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Definition
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Term
| damage of the motor control centers of the developing brain in utero, during childbirth, or after birth up to age 3 |
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Definition
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Term
| lower brachial plexus injury, C8-T1. Hand is paralyzed with no voluntary movements of wrist and an absent grasp reflex. |
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Definition
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Term
| Upper Brachial Plexus Injury "Waiter's Tip". MC. Involves C5-C7. Arm is adducted and internally rotated with elbow extension and pronation of arm, flexion of wrist, and intact grasp reflex |
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Definition
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Term
| Ballard Score most accuate when? |
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Definition
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Term
| failure to see red reflex may indicate underlying abnormalities such as (4) |
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Definition
| cataracts, glaucoma, retinoblastoma, and chorioretinitis |
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Term
| multiple miconodular juvenile xanthogranulomas should prompt |
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Definition
| referral to ophthalmology |
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Term
| lacunar sjull (<3 cm) is associated with (2) and should be evaluated using _____. |
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Definition
Arnold-Chiari Malformation or Myelomeningocele.
evaluated with MRI |
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