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CLPH 469 Ocular
ocular therapeutics
26
Pharmacology
Graduate
11/09/2011

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Cards

Term
most common eye disorder
Definition
red eye
Term
part of the eye where cataracts occur
Definition
lens
Term
cornea contains a lot of...
Definition
nerve fibers
Term
diffuse (non-patterned) redness, sandy/gritty feeling characteristic of what?
Definition
conjunctivitis/allergies
try naphazoline, oxymetazoline, or tetrahydrazoline for 24 hours (never use these agents for more than 72 hours
Term
sunburst (wagon wheel) pattern of redness
Definition

inflammation in the eye

refer to ophthalmologist no decongestant atropine + corticosteriod to treat likely is painful (especially when exposed to sunlight)

Term
"water blisters" on inner eyelid and itchy
Definition
likely allergy
tx: decongestant or antihistamine for no more than 72 hours
Term
redness around the cornea w/ large pupil and a lot of pain
Definition
severe pressure build up in the eye should feel very hard to the touch and is bulging forward Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma Send to ER -> can lose vision otherwise
Term
normal IOP
Definition
Intraocular pressure
10-20mmHg
Term
disease state associated with dry eye
Definition
*arthritis*
and congestive heart failure
Term
acid burn in the eye
Definition
wash in water for at least 5 minutes do not direct stream of water at cornea to avoid further damage Refer to ER a lot of pain *not as bad as basic burn*
Term
basic burn to the eye
Definition
wash in water for at least 5 minutes
avoid direct stream to cornea to prevent further damage
*worse than acidic burn -> penetrates into the eye very quickly*
Refer to ER
Term
yellow discharge
Definition
bacterial infection
Term
bacteria in the mouth that can lead to serious eye infection
Definition
pseudomonas
cornea is best growth media for pseudomonas
Term
bacterial infection in the eye
Definition
yellow discharge
OTCs can be used (triple antibiotic ointment rubbed over eyelid)
stye or conjunctivitis
warm compresses recommended
Term
"lid scrub"
Definition
sterile Q-tip and no tears shampoo
rub Q-tip on upper and lower lid
Term
delivery type best of the eye
Definition
suspension
Term
types of glaucoma
Definition
1) open-angle
2) angle-closure
Term
goal of therapy for glaucoma
Definition
prevent blindness
Term
beta-blockers for glaucoma
Definition
timolol 0.25, 0.5%
betaxolol 0.25, 0.5% -> Beta-1 specific

a lot of SE but very effective
least expensive tx
SE: stinging punctate keratitis, corneal anesthesia
Term
prostaglandin analogues for glaucoma
Definition
bimatoprost 0.03% -> better
latanoprost 0.005%

*QD at bedtime
SE: HA, iris pigmentation
Term
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors for glaucoma
Definition
topical: dorzolamide 2%
oral: cause flu like symptoms so avoid use

TID
Stings the worst
contraindicated in sulfa allergy
crystallization -> cap tightly to avoid
Term
cholinergics
Definition
pilocarpine 0.25-10%
QID

constrict pupil
*only for acute angle glaucoma*
Term
sympathomimetic agents
Definition
epinephrine
apraclonidine (can not be used for longer than 6 weeks)

brimonidine
Term
ocular corticosteriods
Definition
prednisolone acetate
0.12% Pred Mild
1% Pred Forte

*for inflammation
tx: 4-6 weeks (test IOP at 4 weeks)
30% of patients have IOP increase of 6-15mmHg
risk factors: open-angle glaucoma, ocular HTN, type-1 diabetes with myopia
Term
ocular NSAIDS
Definition
dicofenac
flurbiprofen
ketorlac
suprofen
nepafenac

choose the least expensive
-> only real difference is cost
Term
most common treatment for angle-closure glaucoma
Definition
surgery (generally emergency)

angle-closure can lead to blindness
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