Term
| diseases associated w/strep pyrogenes |
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Definition
MAIN: pharyngitis, impetigo, rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis
acute laryngitis
strep pharyngitis
otitis externa, otitis media
orbital cellulitis |
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Term
| diseases assoc w/otitis externa |
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Definition
| otitis externa, OM, orbital cellulitis, food poisoning |
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Term
| morphology of staph aureus |
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Definition
catalse +, beta lactamase production, resistant to nafcillin and to methicillin
vancomycin resistant
produces E leukocidin, TSST1, enterotoxins |
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Term
| how do you determine if its strep or staph? |
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Definition
strep is catalase -
staph catalase + |
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Term
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Definition
spread through oral secretions
infects B cells and illness from T cell and NK inflammatory response
fever, sore throat, lymphadenopathy (triad!) |
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Term
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Definition
heterophil antibody agglutination + in 90% ds
monospot maybe - early on, less sensitive in kids - repeat
Titer of IgM to virus capsid Ag (VCA) - most sensitive and specific test! |
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Term
| Epstein Barr infection path |
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Definition
nuclear antigens rise 4 weeks post indicating infection
Ab to VCA not helpful early
diff dx - HIV
Quant PCR of viral load may be helpful to predict reisk of subsequent lymphoproliferative ds in transplant pt |
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Term
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Definition
supportive
AVOID ABX
prednisone for airway, thrombocytompenia, or hemolytic anemia
acyclovir - if severe |
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Term
| common infections from E Coli |
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Definition
Enteropathogenic (EPEC) - diarrhea in infants
Enterotoxic (EHEC) - travelers diarrhea
Enteroinvasive (EIEC) - produces verotoxin assoc w/hemorrhagic colitis, acute renal failure
Enteroaggregative (EAEC) - acute/chronic diarrhea |
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Term
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Definition
(ANTHRAX) anaerobic gram + rod
spores live in soil |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
gram + spore forming rod
obligate anaerobe
infants - honey |
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Term
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Definition
gangrene
gram + spore forming anaerobic rod |
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Term
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Definition
pseudomembranous colitis
ABX assoc diarrhea |
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Term
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Definition
exotoxin, diarrheal ds
gram - rod
life threatening loss of 20 L/day
staph aureus - common food poisoning |
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Term
| exotoxins assoc w/ds (Staph, strep) |
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Definition
staph: TSST1
strep: group a beta hemolytic -- scarlet fever |
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Term
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Definition
GN bacteria, LPS, moderately toxic and fatal
fever from interleukin 1 and mediators
complement and coag cascades activated |
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Term
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Definition
excreted by living cell
GN, GP. antigenic
do not produce fever |
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Term
chlamydia can cause what in the
female GT
male GT |
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Definition
- cervicitis, PID
- epididymo orchitis |
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Term
gonorrhea can cause what in the
- female GT
- male GT |
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Definition
- cervicitis, PID
- seminal vesicles, epididymo orchitis, prostate |
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Term
| what is an exmaple of a beta lactamase |
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Definition
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Term
| what is a primary cause of atypical pneumonia |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
directly related to metabolic fxn of the liver and excretory fxn of kidney
DEC: liver failure, pregnancy, overhydration from SIADH
INC: renal ds (glomerulone, pyelo), shock, burns, dehydration, CHF |
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Term
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Definition
inversely related to GFR
wont show acute renal ds, not good for early renal failure |
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Term
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Definition
imp assessment of renal fxn!
decline: inc retained wastes
- the lower the GFR the more significant the kidney damage |
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Term
shift to the left
shift to the right |
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Definition
- immature white cells
- viral involving mainly lymphocytes |
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Term
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Definition
causes megaloblastic anemia (so does B12 def)
macrocytosis, pancytopenia |
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Term
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Definition
megaloblastic anemia
macrocytic |
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Term
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Definition
| inc TIBC, transferrin sat dec |
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Term
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Definition
Ab Ag complexes removed by phagocytosis
TH cells secrete interleukin
humoral response, plasma cells, antibodies |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
t suppressor or cytotoxic T cells
ID and kill cells infected by viruses or CA
produce substances to block HIV infection |
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Term
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Definition
children and 60 yo
15x risk w/genetic disorder (Downs)
inc WBC w/lymphoblasts |
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Term
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Definition
50% are 60+ yo
20x risk in Downs
WBC >100,000 or anemia, thrombocytopenia
can be rapidly fatal, prompt tx |
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Term
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Definition
Ph1
67 yo, asymptomatic
WBC 100,000 w/granulocytes in all stages of development |
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Term
| how do anticoags break clotting cycle |
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Definition
coumadin inactivates Vit K (II VII, IX, X factors)
tPA stops the plasminogen --> plasmin |
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Term
intrinsic pathway
extrinsic |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
99% prostate produces this
not specific for CA |
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Term
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Definition
INC: neural tube defects, multiple gestation, fetal death, placental abnormalities
DEC: Downs, Trisomy 18 |
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Term
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Definition
protein produced by fetus
sonogram when levels 2,000+
fetus development |
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Term
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Definition
inc in biliary ds
predictive for ds but also found in bone
used w/5 NT sometimes |
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Term
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Definition
high in newborn -- encephalopathy
jaundice - liver ds and obstructed bile duct |
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Term
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Definition
gallstones
extrahepatic obstruction
liver metastasis |
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Term
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Definition
| hemolytic ds of newborn hemolytic jaundice hepatitis cirrhosis |
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Term
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Definition
most sensitive liver enzyme in detecting biliary obstruction, cholangitis, cholecystitis
parallels ALP but more sensitive
inc in 75% alcoholics and cirrhosis
high in liver, biliary tract |
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Term
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Definition
2x higher in infant
use w/AST. if >1 --- cirrhosis, liver congestion, met tumor
sensitive, not specific
most elevations from liver ds |
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Term
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Definition
elevate 8 hrs post, peak 26-36 hrs
acute hep: 20x
acute extrahep obstruction: 10x |
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Term
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Definition
| very high specificity for myocyte injury |
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Term
| advantages of cTn over CKMB |
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Definition
more specific for cardiac muscle
always normal in non cardiac injury
elevated sooner, remains elevated longer |
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Term
what rises first after a HA
what stays high the longest |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
chief Fe storage
stored Fe in liver, spleen, muscle, bone marrow
Fe dec, Ferritin dec |
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Term
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Definition
controls the level of free Fe, binds it
picks up Fe from lysed cells
Fe stores inversely proportional |
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Term
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Definition
extent to which transferrin binds Fe
INC: Fe def, blood loss, poly vera
DEC: thalassemia, anemia, renal disorder, cirrhosis |
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Term
what is a marker for CHF?
test for CHF? |
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Definition
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Term
| main lipid assoc w/ atherosclerotic ds |
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Definition
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Term
| total cholesterol required for production of |
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Definition
steroids
sex hormones
cell membranes
bile acids |
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Term
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Definition
| dec: smoking, alcohol, age/sex dep, MI |
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Term
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Definition
formed fats in bloodstream
transported by VLDL, LDL
produced in liver
storage for energy |
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Term
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Definition
- Ab already boud
- unbound circulating Ab - screening |
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Term
| ___ can cause cytomegalovirus |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
kids - primary source
transmission via body fluids
causes mono like syndrome
immune comp: retinitis, hepatitis, pneumonitits, GI ds, polyradiculopathy |
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