Term
TF
A single study can prove causation. |
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Definition
FALSE
A single study can only prove association |
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Term
T/F:
On their own, case reports and case series cannot test that hypothesis to show an assoc between exposure and dz. |
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Definition
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Term
A _______ study uses a large group of ppl, a population, to look at the freq of exposures and dz.
*** remember, this still cannot prove CAUSATION, only assoc.*** |
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Definition
Correlational Study
Can only show a + or - correlation
ALSO, the study is on the POPULATION, NOT THE INDIVIDUAL LEVEL ... ie, there is no way to prove that those who eat meat are the same inv=dividuals that have colon cancer
may lead to ecological fallacy |
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Term
| a ____________- survey measures EXPOSURE and OUTCOME in a person AT THE SAME TIME. |
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Definition
Cross-Sectional
BC at the same time, limits ability to judge temporal relationship |
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Term
______________ studies use a group of ppl with a dz, and compare them to a group without the dz
when is this type ideal? |
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Definition
case-control studies
Very good when outcome RARE |
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Term
| group of people who share a common characteristic or experience within a defined period |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ study = groups are chosen based on whether or not they have an exposure, and are compared as to whether they develope a certain outcome |
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Definition
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Term
| define a WORST CASE SCENARIO analysis |
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Definition
We assume that:
Everyone who was lost in the EXPOSED GROUP did fine
Everyone lost in the NOT EXPOSED GROUP die
Lost = left experiment (moved, descided not to keep attending) |
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Term
| formula for RELATIVE RISK: |
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Definition
RATE OF EXPOSED / RATE OF UNEXPOSED
How to get RATE:
Number of ppl with outcome / total group
Do this for both groups, then divide
THis tells you Relative risk (ir, a person is 30x more likely than a nonexposed) |
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Term
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Definition
Absolute value of :
(Rate in expoised - rate in nonexposed) |
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Term
NNT formula:
(Number Needed to Treat) |
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Definition
the number of patients needed to be exposed to cure one
1/Absolute rusk reduction |
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