Term
|
Definition
| The systems theory shows the family as a system of interacting relationships and transactional patterns |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A system that is open to outside influence
Able to receive energy be interacating with the environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A system that is resistant to change
Goal of Family Therapies is to avoid this |
|
|
Term
| Properties of a Family System |
|
Definition
Wholeness
Non-summativity
Equifinality
Equipotentiality
Homeostasis
Negative Feedback
Positive Feedback |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Every part of a system is interrelated; if chagne enters one part of the system, the other parts are also changed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Family therapists coming from a systems approach look at the family as a whole, rather than a collection of individuals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| no matter where one enters the system, the same end result occurs for the family. i.e., whatever two family members argue about, the effect on the system will be the same. Patterns of behavior are critical, not topics or controversies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
One cause can lead to different results.
exp: father/daughter incest can lead to either promiscuity or sexual inhibition in the daughter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tendency for the system to restore status quo in the event of a change/disruption in the system. The degree to which homeostasis exists in a family is determined by the family's management of positive/negative feedback |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Maintenance of a family's homeostasis by attempting to correct deviations in the status quo. This restores the comfortable equilibrium in the system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Disruption of a family's homeostasis by encouraging/creating deviations in the status quo. This requires people to change their roles in the system. |
|
|
Term
| Communications/Interaction Therapy |
|
Definition
Developed from research conducted at the Mental Research Instititue in Palo Alto
Central Idea: all behavior is a form of communication. |
|
|
Term
| Marjor concepts in Communication/Interaction Therapy |
|
Definition
Double Blind Communication
Metacommunication
Symmetrical communication
Complementary communication |
|
|
Term
| Double-Blind Communication |
|
Definition
Communication that occures when two aspects of the same communication conflict each other. Results in frustration for receiver
exp: Mother who says "I love you" while pushing child off her lap |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Command Level of communication
Implicit, non-verbal messages that accompany verbal communication |
|
|
Term
| Two levels of communcation |
|
Definition
Report level - intended verbal statement
Command Level - implicit non-verbal message |
|
|
Term
| Symmetrical Communications |
|
Definition
Communications are symmetrical when there is equality between communicators
Often leads to competition and conflict as each member vies for control |
|
|
Term
| Complementary Communications |
|
Definition
| Communication pattern where there is inequality, which one partner taking a dominant role and one taking a subordinate role. |
|
|
Term
| Extended Family Systems Therapy |
|
Definition
(Bowen)
Includes members of the extended family in the family system |
|
|
Term
| Dysfunction accd to Bowen |
|
Definition
| Family dysfunction is part of an intergenrational process |
|
|
Term
| Eight constructs of Bowen's theory |
|
Definition
- Differentiation of self
- Triangulation
- Nuclear Family Emotional System
- Family Projective Process
- Emotional Cutoff
- Multigenerational Transmission Process
- Sibling Position
- Societal Regression
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Individual's ability to separate his/her intellectual from emotinoal functioning. The lower the ability to differentiate, the more likely it is that a person will become fused w/ other family member's emotions and problems.
(Bowen) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Occurs when two family members in conflict involve a third person in the conflict.
(Bowen) |
|
|
Term
| Nuclear Family Emotional System |
|
Definition
The mechanisms a nuclear family uses to deal with tension and instability
(Bowen) |
|
|
Term
| Family Projective Process |
|
Definition
The projection of parental conflicts and general family dysfunction onto the children
(Bowen) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Methds children use to remove themselves from emotional ties to their parents. this avoidance of emotional involvement leads to a lack of self-differentiation
(Bowen) |
|
|
Term
| Multigenerational Transmission Process |
|
Definition
The escalation of family dysfunction through several generations. Leads to severe dysfunction
(Bowen) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Birth order of children - impacts family functioning in a number of ways
(Bowen) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The impact of societial stress on the family system
(Bowen) |
|
|
Term
| Goal of Extended Family Systems Therapy |
|
Definition
| Encouraging differentiation of self in all family members. |
|
|
Term
| Interventions in Extended Family Systems Therapy |
|
Definition
Genograms - schematic diagram of the family system, depicts 3 generations of family
Therapeutic Triangle- therapist will case self as third member in a triad |
|
|
Term
| Structural Family Therapy |
|
Definition
Minuchin
views the family as organism/structure. When the structure's dysfunctional processes are maintained, the family is underfunctioning. The goal is to disrupt these processes and push the family toward better functioning |
|
|
Term
Family system
(Structural Family Tx) |
|
Definition
| Family is a system, rather than a set of individuals |
|
|
Term
Family Structure
(Structural Family Tx) |
|
Definition
| Family members relate to each toehr accd to an implicit structure, which includes its own set of rules, rituals, etc. |
|
|
Term
Subsystems
(Structural Family Tx) |
|
Definition
| Within the family system, subsystems are formed |
|
|
Term
Boundaries
(Structural Family Therapy) |
|
Definition
| Rules that determine the amount/type of contact between family members |
|
|
Term
Enmeshment
(Structural Family Tx) |
|
Definition
| Results from unclear boundaries that promote dependence |
|
|
Term
Disengagement
(Structural Family Tx) |
|
Definition
| Results from overly rigid boundaries that promote isolation |
|
|
Term
Triangulation
(Structural Family Tx) |
|
Definition
| Each parent demands that a child side with him/her against the other; whenever child sides w/ one parent, he/she is defined as attacking the other |
|
|
Term
Detouring
(Structural Family Tx) |
|
Definition
| Spouses reinforce deviant behavior in the child b/c it takes the focus off of the problems they are having with each other |
|
|
Term
Stable Coalition
(Structural Family Tx) |
|
Definition
| One parent creats a coalition with the child against the other parent |
|
|
Term
| Goal of Structural Family Tx |
|
Definition
| To restructure the family |
|
|
Term
| Process of Structural Family Therapy |
|
Definition
Joining - thearpist blends into family system
Creating a Family Map - observes patterns in family system
Restructuring the family - using restructuring techniques |
|
|
Term
Restructuring Techniques
(Structural Family Tx) |
|
Definition
Enactment - role play family relationships
Reframing - Relabel behavior in a more positive light
Blocking - force to adopt new patterns of interacting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Haley
Therapy is a power struggle between client therapist - the goal is to intervene/effect change as quickly as possible, foucing on the current problem |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Strategies a therapist uses to reduce or eliminate symptoms within a family system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Strategies used by strategic family therapists |
|
Definition
Directives
Reframing
Circular Questioning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Direct instructions to family members
Intended to promote change |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Relabeling a bheaivor to make it more amenable to change
Give new meaning to/altering the meaning of a situation |
|
|
Term
| Accd to Becvar & Becvar, what is the key to reframing? |
|
Definition
| Offering a meaning that is acceptable, believable and makes sense |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Interviewing technique designed to help thearpist and family learn more about patterns in family relationships. Therapist asks each family member to describe relatinonships, and notes differences. |
|
|
Term
| Object-Relations Family Therapy |
|
Definition
| Rooted in psychodynamic principals. Focuses on interpreting current relationships between family members in terms of transferences resulting from the early parent-child relationship |
|
|
Term
| How does Object-Relations Family Therapy differ from other family therapies? |
|
Definition
Core tenet is that insight is a requirement for family change
Current problems in relationships can be interpreted in terms of transference |
|
|
Term
| Techniques in Object-Relations Family Therapy |
|
Definition
Non-directive listening
Analysis of transference/countertransference/resistance
Development of a supportive and tolerant therapeutic environment
Interpretations of children's play |
|
|
Term
| Operant Interpersonal Therapy |
|
Definition
(Stuart)
Form of marital therapy based on operant conditioning and social exchange theory. Emphasis is to encourage couples to provide more positive reinforcement to each other. |
|
|
Term
| Stuart would say that the difference between successful and unsuccessful marriages is: |
|
Definition
| Frequency and range of reciprocal positive reinforcements exchanged. |
|
|
