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| Attention only control group |
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Definition
| Control group that meets regularly with a clinician, but receive no "active" treatment |
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| A set of features that characterize many therapy orientations and that may be the source of the positive changes effected by psychological treatment |
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| In psychotherapy research, the group that does not receive the treatment under investigation |
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| The changeability of a condition or behavior (the "deeper" the condition, the less changeable it is perveived to be) |
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| The size of the treatment effect (determined statistically) |
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| Studies that emphasize eternal validity and the representativeness of the treatment that is administered. A treatment is considered effective to the extent that clients report clinically significant benefit from the treatment. |
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| Stidues that place a premium on internal validity by controlling the types of clients in the study, by standardizing the treatments, and by randomly assigning patients to treatment or no treatment groups. A treatment is considered efficacious to the extent that the average person receiving the treatment in clinical trials is demonstrated to be significantly less dysfunctional than the average person not receiving any treatment. |
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| Empirically supported treatment |
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| Treatments for various psychological conditions that have been shown through careful empirical study to be either "well established" or "probably efficacious." |
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| The therapist's demonstration of competence |
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| In the context of psychotherapy, the achievement of the understanding into the nature and origins of one's problems |
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| In the context of psychotherapy, the therapist's conceptualization of the meaning behind the patient's experiences or behaviors |
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| The acquisition of a high level of knowledge or skill. One goal of psychotherapy may be for the patient to develop competence/mastery in a particular area. |
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| A method of research in which one compiles all studies relevant to a topic or question and combines the results statistically |
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| Factors that are not specific to any particular therapy orientation yet contribute to a positive treatment outcome (e.g., the expectation one will improve). |
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| In Psychotherapy research, indicators of patient functioning following treatment, used to gauge the treatment effectiveness |
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| Individuals without advanced education in psychology who have been trained to assist in professional mental health workers. |
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| How well a patient is getting along across a number of domains. |
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| These guidelines recommend specific forms of intervention for specific psychological problems or disorders |
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| Research that investigates the specific events that occur int he course of the interaction between therapist and patient. Some therapy processes have been shown to relate to treatment outcome |
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| Psychological intervention |
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Definition
| A method of inducing changes in a person's behavior, thoughts, or feelings. |
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| A series of stages that represent a given client's readiness for change in psychotherapy. These include:precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination. |
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| The relationship between therapist and patient. The forging of a strong therapeutic alliance is believed to be of primary importance for therapeutic change. |
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Definition
| In psychotherapy research, the group that receives the treatment under investigation |
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Term
| Waiting list control group |
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Definition
| A control group who's members receive treatment only after the study is completed |
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| The psychosexual stage that extends about 6 months to 3 years of age, during which the child focuses on urination and defecation as means of satisfaction |
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| Psychotherapy of relatively brief duration that has grown in popularity due in large part to the cost-containment measures imposed by health care systems. Many brief therapies have retained a psychodynamic identity |
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Definition
| The release of psychic energy |
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Term
| Death instincts(thanatos) |
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Definition
| The innate drives that are responsible for all of the negative or destructive aspects of behavior. |
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Definition
| An alternative to tradition psycho-analysis that is characterize by relative de-emphases on the role of the unconscious and the exploration of childhood experience and relative emphases on the adaptive functions of the ego and exploration of contemporary problems in living |
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Definition
| Stage that follows onset of adolescence and ideally culminated in a mature expression of sexuality |
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Definition
| Deep, inaccessible portion of the personality that contains the instinctual urges |
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| Interpersonal psychotherapy |
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Definition
| A brief, insight oriented therapy that is psychodynamic in tone. |
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Definition
| 5-12 years of age, during which the child is characterized by lac of overt sexual activity, and negativity toward sex. |
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| Innate drives that are responsible for all of the positive or constructive aspects of behavior. |
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Term
| manifest content and latent content |
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Definition
Manifest=what happens in dream
Latent=what's interpreted |
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| anxiety that arises from the concern that a person will act in a way that conflicts with the standards of his or her conscience. |
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| fist year of life, mouth is chief source of pleasure |
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| 3-7 during which sexual organs become the primary source of gratification |
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| the rule of conduct by which one seeks pleasure and avoids pain. |
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| The irrational and impulsive type of thinking that characterizes the id |
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| Major assumption of freudian theory that holds that everything one does has meaning and is goal directed |
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| The defense mechanism that occurs when an unconscious impulse is consciously expressed by its behavioral opposite |
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| The rule of conduct by which one defers the gratification of instinctual urges until a suitable object and mode of satisfaction are discovered. The ego operated on this |
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| Any attempt by patient to ward off therapist's efforts to dissolve his or her neurotic methods for resolving problems. Client behavior that prevents insight |
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Definition
| Rational and self-preservative type of thinking that characterizes the ego |
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Definition
| blocks unacceptable id impulses and to pressure the go to serve the ends of morality rather than those of expediency |
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| Discovered by Breuer, the use of techniques that encourage patient talking as a way of addressing and alleviating neurotic symptoms |
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| KEY in psychoanalytic therapy |
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| In systematic desensitization, a list of situations that precipitate anxiety reactions, ordered from lowest to highest severity. Often items may be organized according to their spatial or temporal distance from the feared stimulus. |
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| Using behavioral rehearsal and other techniques to train people to express their needs effectively without infringing on the rights of others |
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| A controversial type of treatment in which an undesired behavior is followed consistently by an unpleasant consequence, this decreasing the strength of the behavior over time |
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| A general technique for expanding the patient's repertoire of coping behaviors. Successful behavioral rehearsal involves explaining to the patient the necessity of acquiring the new behaviors, selecting the target situations, conducting the rehearsal and providing feedback, and having the patient apply the newly acquired skills in real-life situation |
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| A framework for treating disorders that is based on the principles of conditioning or learning. The behavioral approach is scientific in nature and de-emphasizes the role of inferred variables on behavior |
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Term
| Cognitive-behavioral therapy |
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Definition
| A therapy framework that emphasizes the role of thinking in the etiology and maintenance of problems. Cognitive-behavioral techniques atttempt to modify the patterns of thinking that are believed to contribute to a patient's problems and may also employ the principles of conditioning and learning to modify problematic behaviors |
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Definition
| A mode of therapy pioneered by Aaron Beck that focuses on the connection between thinking patters, emotions, and behavior and uses both cognitive and behavioral techniques to modify the dysfunctional thinking patters that characterize a disorder. Cognitive therapy is active, structured, and time limited and has been adapted for the treatment of several disorders. |
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Definition
| A contingency management technique in which the therapist and patient draw up a contract that specifies the behaviors that are desired and undesired as well as the group cohesion, and member reactions to the time limits of the group |
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| A group method developed by Berne that focuses upon the "ego states"- Child, Parent, or Adult-that are evident based on patients transactions with other group members, as well as the valence of these ego states, and helps patient adopt ways of thinking that are more characteristic of the positive adult ego state. Another emphasis in TA is on identifying the games that patients employ to avoid getting too close to others and helping them to adopt more satisfying behaviors. |
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| A form of family therapy in which one therapist meets with the entire family at the same time. |
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| An important concept in family therapy that conceives of the family as a system and believes that "pathology" is best reduced by altering the way that the system functions |
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Definition
| Role playing the problem. |
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Term
| support-understanding techniques |
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Definition
| In BMT, techniques that aim to increase partners' positive feelings, positive behaviors, and the degree of collaboration between them. |
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