Term
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Definition
| The term 'dementia' is used to describe the symptoms that occur when the brain is affected by specific diseases and conditions. It is a syndrome. These include Alzheimer's disease and stroke. Brain shrinks and capacity is lost. |
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Term
| What are the seven Major types of Dementia? |
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Definition
1. Alzheimer's disease. (Seen the most in people, Major stroke, droopy face)
2. Vascular dementia (Minor strokes, small bleeds to the brain or parts of smaller vessels get blocked and tissue beyond these die)
3. Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB)
4.. Mixed dementia.
5.. Parkinson's disease.
6.. Frontotemporal dementia.
7. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. |
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Term
| What is Alzheimier's Dementia? |
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Definition
| - Slow fatal disease in the brain affecting one in ten people over the age of 65. Two abnormal protein fragments (plaques and tangles) accumulate in brain and kill brain cells. - . Start in hippocampus (part of brain where memories are first formed), plaques and tangles slowly destroy hippocampus and start becoming harder to form new memories, then spreads throughout the brain (causing different stages of Alzheimers). |
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Term
| What are the stages of Alzheimer |
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Definition
MCI - MILD: Hippocampus (initial memory forming) -> language (tougher to find right word)
MODERATE: -> logic thought (loses ability to solve problems, grasp concepts, and make plans) -> emotions (loses control over moods and feelings) -> part of brain that makes sense of what brain sees, hears and smells (creates havoc in senses and can spark hallucinations)
SEVERE: -> erases oldest memories -> the disease attacks the person’s balance and coordination, and then destroys part of brain that controls breathing and heart rate |
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Term
| What is the prevalence of having Alzheimer 65-69 compared to 85+? |
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Definition
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Term
| Reason why Alzheimer may have doubled in five years? |
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Definition
- Can see this because the population is aging: prevalence at 65-69 is 1.4%, while at 85+ is 23.6%
- increase in diabetes because lack of regulation in sugar leads to these disease |
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Term
| What are the three main Treatment types for Alzheimer? |
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Definition
1. Lifestyle: Exercise, diet, vitamins
2. Medication Aspirin (thins out blood so prevents clots); Aricept, Exelon and Reminyl (Work for about 50% of people, and slows down disease by two years)
3. Clinical Psych: Reality Orientation , Validation, Person Centred Care |
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Term
| What are the Functional and Cognitive changes across the lifespan of Demitna |
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Definition
1. Forgetfulness
2. Mild Competent Impairment (MCI)
3. Early Dementia
4. Mild Forgetfullness
5. Moderate
6. Severe
‘Treatments in each area build on NOT MOVE ON' |
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Term
Describe difference between the Normal vs Alzheimers brain
[image] |
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Definition
Normal:
Full and plump
All grey matter (alive matter)
Alzheimers Brain:
- White areas are ‘dead areas’, no longer functioning
- Expectation is that this person’s functioning has gone down in these areas
- Health workers ask for a way to make a person with alzheimers act a certain way, without realising that it is impossible for a patient with such severe brain damage to change. |
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Term
| What care approaches are taken according to impairment and stages of Dementia? |
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Definition
Reality Orientation: MCI AND MILD - (Mild forgetfulness and disorientation)
Validation Reminiscence: MODERATE - (Marked memory loss, loss functioning, personal cares)
Person Centred: SEVERE - (Profound, Impairment, high dependency)
Continuous decrease of Mini Mental State Exam score throughout 10 years time |
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Term
| Describe the Reality Orientation treatment approach |
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Definition
- Mild Competent Impairment and Mild stage
- Reality orientation (R.O) is all about presenting information about time, place or person in order to help a person understand their surroundings and situation. This information is repeated at regular intervals.
- For example: The use of ever day cues like clocks and calendars. Using prompts in conversation that help people to orientate
- 24hr/individual |
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Term
| Describe the Reminiscence Orientation treatment approach |
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Definition
- Moderate Forgetfulness
- Involves the discussion of past activities, events and experiences with another person or group of people, usually with the aid of tangible prompts such as photographs, household and other familiar items from the past, music and archive sound recordings.
- It is possible to stimulate memories through different senses e.g. music, special perfume
- Joining up their life. Bit that recalls their short term memory is the first part that is affected while the last part is the oldest memories. So can still use these old memories to stimulate a person of who they are |
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Term
| Describe the Validation Therapy treatment approach |
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Definition
- Moderate Forgetfulness
- Developed by Naomi Feil
- Matching patient's emotions
- Validation theory emphasizes empathy and listening.
- It views Alzheimer’s and dementia patients as unique and worthwhile and as being in the final stages of life. They’re trying to resolve unfinished business so they can die in peace. The caregiver’s job is to offer these individuals a means for expression, verbally or nonverbally.
- Sense of someone still being in the body and wanting to express themselves and meet human needs |
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Term
| What is an example of Validation Therapy? |
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Definition
In one scenario, a physician might respond to an elderly woman who’s convinced he’s her husband. She asks him to take her home.
Rather than telling her she’s wrong or prescribing medication to reduce anxiety, Validation recommends that the physician match her emotions with empathic statements. These include: “You miss him,” “You were close,” “You want to be back in your house. What would you do there?” |
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Term
| Describe the Cognitive Stimulation Therapy treatment approach |
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Definition
- Moderate forgetfulness
- Include Mode OT, exercise, Music, Dogs, Snoozleen room
- Opens people with dementia up
- Music: Conncts people with who they are and where they have been
- Snoozleen: Sniff and touch rooms – way of reaching people when they don’t have language anymore. Using touch, smell and feel to make their experience more relaxing |
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Term
| Describe the Person Centred Care Therapy treatment approach |
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Definition
- Moderate and Severe Forgetfulness
- Developed by Tom Kitwoods
- Importance of humanising person centred approach
- This conflicts with societal views of aging, which values youth, physical beauty and intellectual competency highly
- Person-centred care involves tailoring a person's care to their interests, abilities, history and personality. This helps them to take part in the things they enjoy and can be an effective way of preventing and managing behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia.
- Understanding the person’s history, lifestyle, culture and preferences
- Looking at situations from the point of view of the person with dimentia
e.g. Put a picture of when the person is around 35 on their door so that they go in the right rooms; man who used to be a removal and delivery man, put boxes around his room so he can move them whenever he wants which made him feel happy and productive |
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Term
| Key points when using the Person Centred Approach |
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Definition
- To view dementia as a disability not a disease
– The importance of promoting positive health/minimum medication/wellbeing
– Recognising power and equality in relationships in care settings
– The importance of life history and identity
– Recognising the quality of carers
– Encouraging and working with abilities
– To recognise staff needs/support issues
– To redefine “challenging behaviour” as expression of a meaningful message – Maintaining links with the community
Positive and empowering model towards the client, and looks at environment as pathologic ability to that person. |
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Term
| Importance of using RECOGNITION techniques instead of RECALL example |
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Definition
- Clearly has memory issues
- Family member trying to use verbal memory as clues, but it is useless (asking to use a part of the brain that is no longer functioning instead of a part that is still viable)
- Mother is further on in the disease process so needs another memory system (not verbal) to trigger a memory, such as taste or validation technique
- Helping people RECOGNISE INSTEAD OF RECALL |
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Term
| Describe the Five Part Model |
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Definition
[image]
The Carer:
1. Care practices
2. Attitudes of carers
3. Relationships
The Environment:
1. Architecture of surroundings
2. Interior decoration - should be stimulating
3. Layout
Want different colours, bright colours (only see hotel like rooms)
Biology:
1. Dementia
2. Sensory Changes
3. Psychical Changes
4. Ill Health Pain
The Person:
1. Life History - Figure out who they are or where as a person thought-out their life to create a treatment that would match this.
2. Attributes
3. Beliefs and Expectations
4. Habits and Needs |
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