Term
|
Definition
• The success of a particular therapy in a controlled study conducted with clients who meet specific criteria
• How well therapy works "in the lab" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• The success of a therapy in actual clinical settings in which client problems are not limited to predetermined criteria
How well therapy works "in the real world" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• The extent to which change in the DV is due to change in the IV
Generally high in effectiveness studies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Generalizability
Generally high in effectiveness studies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-observation of events
-hypothesis (define IV & DV)
-empirically test hypothesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-used in place of true experiments when practical, ethical, or other issues limit manipulations
-less scientifically sound than true experiments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-participants in different conditions receive entirely different treatments
-often: experimental vs. control group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Compare participants in a single condition to selves at different points in time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Combination of between- and within- group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-used when actual clinical populations or situations can't be accessed
-an approximation or simulation of the "real thing" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-examine relationship between 2 variables
-causality cannot be determined
-often used when experimental or quasi experimental designs are not feasible |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-detailed examination of a single person or situation
-often qualitative
-demonstrates the idiopathic approach to research
-can inspire more systematic research
-ABAB design is an example |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-statistical method of combining results of separate studies into a single summary finding
-findings are translated into effect sizes
-can quantitatively capture the trends of many individual studies
Ex) meta-analysis of psychotherapy outcomes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-compare participants at different points in time
-more efficient than longitudinal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-compare participants at different points in time
-less efficient than cross-sectional
-can be more valid in assessing change over time |
|
|
Term
| APA Ethical Standards for Research |
|
Definition
-obtain informed consent
-don't coerce participation
-use deception only when justified and necessary
-minimize harm to participants
-don't falsify data
-share data w/ other researchers for verification |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-published in 1968
-similar to DSM-I
-not scientifically or empirically based
-psychoanalytic influence
3 categories = psychoses, neuroses, character of disorders
-no specific criteria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-published in 1980
-more reliant on empirical data
-specific criteria defined disorders
-no psychoanalytic influences
-multi-axial assessment (5)
-much longer; includes more disorders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-published in 1987
-minor changes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-published in 1994
-culture-bound syndromes listed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-published in 2000
-TR = text revision
-only context, not diagnostic criteria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-released in 2013
-task force led work groups, each focusing on a particular area of mental disorders
-more consistent w/ International Classification of Diseases (ICD) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-shift to emphasize biological roots of disorders
-dimensional definition of all mental disorders
-dimensional approach for personality disorders
-remove 5 of the 10 personality disorders
-proposed disorders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-premenstrual dysphoric disorder
-disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
-binge eating disorder
-mild neurocognitive disorder
-somatic symptom disorder
-hoarding disorder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Major depressive episode: "bereavement exclusion" dropped
-Autism spectrum disorder (new scope)
-ADHD: Age raised from 7 to 12
-Bulimia Nervosa: decreased from 2x to 1x per week
-Anorexia Nervosa: low body weight changed & menstrual period req. |
|
|
Term
| Allen Frances' Criticisms |
|
Definition
-changes seem clearly unsafe & scientifically unsound
-will mislabel normal people, promote diagnostic inflation, & encourage inappropriate medication use |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-DSM approach
-yes or no category for having disorder
-no gray area
-facilitates comm. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-place symptoms on a continuum rather than categories
-5 factor model of personality could provide dimensions
-may be better suited for personality disorders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| measures what it claims to measure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| yields consistent, repeatable results |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| improves delivery of services or client outcome |
|
|
Term
| Components of the interview: |
|
Definition
-Rapport: +, comfortable relationship
-Technique: what interviewer does w/client |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Measure intellectual ability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Measure accomplishments in academic areas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Focus on cognitive dysfunction, often from brain injury or illness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "g" for general intelligence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Intelligence is plural abilities that may not relate to each other |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-2 separate intelligences
-fluid = ability to reason
-crystallized = knowledge throughout life |
|
|
Term
| Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (4th ed) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (4th ed) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Wechsler Preschool & Primary Scale of Intelligence (3rd ed) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-yield a full scale intelligence score
-4 index scores
-12 specific subtest scores
one-on-one ; face-to-face |
|
|
Term
| Universal Non verbal Intelligence Tests (UNIT) |
|
Definition
-1996
-no speaking
-hand gestures & manual
-only for kids 5-17
-limited data & range |
|
|
Term
| Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery (HRB) |
|
Definition
-8 tests
-ID brain injuries |
|
|
Term
| Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test (2nd ed) |
|
Definition
-most commonly used neuropsych screening
-simple copying using 9 geometric designs
-quick "check"
-can suggest general brain damage |
|
|
Term
| Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test |
|
Definition
-brief pencil/paper drawing task, but a single more complex figure
-memory component |
|
|
Term
| Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) |
|
Definition
-Neuropsych screen focusing on broader range of abilities
-12 subtests in <30 mins
-tests visuomotor, verbal skills, attention, visual memory |
|
|
Term
| Wechsler Memory Scale (4th ed) (WMS-IV) |
|
Definition
-assesses memory problems due to brain injury, dementia, substance abuse
-ages 16-90
-assesses visual & auditory memory, immediate & delayed recall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-no measure of personality/behavior is perfect
-used multiple assessments (tests, interviews, observations)
-more confident convergent conclusions |
|
|
Term
| Evidence-Based Assessment |
|
Definition
-Assessment based on what works empirically
-typically tied to specific disorders
-Ex) SCID & BDI-II |
|
|
Term
| Culturally Competent Assessment |
|
Definition
-every culture has its own normal/abnormal
-important not to overpathologize |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-1989
-most popular & psychometrically sound
-pencil/paper
-567 self-descriptive sentences
-T/F |
|
|
Term
| NEO Personality Inventory--Revised (NEO-PI-R) |
|
Definition
-obj. personality test
-measures norms, not pathologies
-based on 5 factor model
-lacks vaidity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Roscharch Inkblot Method
-Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
-Tell-Me-A-Story (TEMAS)
-Sentence Completion Tests |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-extent to which psychotherapy works in the lab
-clients are selected for diagnostic criteria
-better internal validity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-the extent to which psychotherapy works in the real world
-greater variability in therapists/clients
-better external validity |
|
|
Term
| Common Factors Psychotherapy |
|
Definition
-shared, fundamental elements of therapy
-therapeutic alliance, hope, attention |
|
|
Term
| Three-stage sequential model |
|
Definition
-support
-learning
-action factors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-researchers argue that some therapies are better for certain disorders
-manualized treatment for specific disorders can lead to a rx approach to psychotherapy |
|
|
Term
| What types of psychology do clinical psychologists practice? |
|
Definition
-Eclectic/integrative popular til 2010
-Psychodynamic declines since 1960s
-Cognitive is now #1 |
|
|
