Term
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Definition
| in systematic desensitization, a list of situations that precipitate anxiety reactions, ordered from lowest to highest severity. often, items may be organized according to their spatial or temporal distance from the feared stimulus. |
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Definition
| using behavioral rehearsal and other techniques to train people to express their needs effectively without infringing on the rights of others. |
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Definition
| a controversial type of treatment in which an undesired behavior is followed consistently by an unpleasant consequence, thus decreasing the strength of the behavior over time. |
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Definition
| a general technique for expanding the patient's repertoire of coping behaviors. successful behavior rehearsal involves explaining to the patient the necessity of acquiring the new behaviors, selecting the target situations, conducting the rehearsal and providing feedback, and having the patient apply the newly acquired skills in real-life situations. |
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Definition
| a framework for treating disorders that is based on the principles of conditioning and learning. the behavioral approach is scientific in nature an deemphasizes the role of inferred variables on behavior. |
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Term
| cognitive-behavioral therapy |
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Definition
| a therapy framework that emphasizes the role of thinking in the etiology and maintenance of problems. cognitive-behavioral techniques attempt to modify the patterns of thinking that are believed to contribute to a patient's problems and may also employ the principles of conditioning and learning to modify problematic behaviors. |
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Definition
| a mode of therapy pioneered by Aaron Beck that focuses on the connection between thinking patterns, emotions, and behavior and uses both cognitive and behavioral techniques to modify the dysfunctional thinking patterns that characterize a disorder. Cognitive therapy is active, structured, and time limited and has been adapted for the treatment of several disorders. |
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Definition
| a contingency management technique in which the therapist and patient draw up a contract that specifies the behaviors that are desired and undesired as well as the consequences of engaging or failing to engage in these behaviors. |
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Definition
| any one of a variety of operant conditioning techniques that attempts to control a behavior by manipulating its consequences. |
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Definition
| the principle of substituting relaxation for an anxiety response. |
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Definition
| a form of aversion therapy in which patients are directed to imagine themselves engaging in an undesired behavior and then are instructed to imagine extremely aversive events occurring once they have the undesired behavior clearly in mind. |
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Term
| dialectical behavior therapy |
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Definition
| a cognitive-behavioral therapy developed by Marsha Lineham for borderline personality disorder and related conditions that teaches skills in mindfulness, emotion regulation, distress tolerance, and interpersonal effectiveness. |
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Term
| exposure plus response prevention |
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Definition
| a behavioral technique often used for the treatment of OCD. In this technique, the patient is exposed to the situation that spurs his or her obsession and is prevented form engaging in the compulsive behavior that relieves the the obsession. Ultimately, the patient will habituate to his or her obsession, and the compulsive behavior will be extinguished. |
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Term
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Definition
| a behavioral technique for reducing anxiety in which patients expose themselves (in real life or in fantasy) to stimuli or situations that feared or avoided. To be effective, the exposure must provoke anxiety, must be sufficient duration, and must be repeated until all anxiety is eliminated. |
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Term
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Definition
| the elimination of an undesired response. |
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Term
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Definition
| the elimination of a response that comes about from the repeated and/or prolonged presentation of the provoking stimulus. |
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Term
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Definition
| internal physiological stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| also known as observational learning, the learning of a new skill set or set of behaviors by observing another person perform these skills/ behaviors. |
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Term
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Definition
| a form of aversion therapy in which the client is made to "overcorrect" for the consequences of his or her undesired behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| also known as "Grandma's rule," the contingency management technique in which a behavior is reinforced by allowing the individual to engage in a more attractive activity once the target behavior is completed. |
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Term
| rational-emotive therapy (RET) |
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Definition
| a therapy pioneered by Albert Ellis in which patients are forced to confront and correct their own illogical thinking. IN Ellis's system, a person's beliefs about events, rather than the events themselves, determine the problematic emotional or behavioral consequences. |
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Term
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Definition
| an eclectic set of techniques that teaches individuals to examine their assumptions about situations or the world in general and alter their ideas to be more realistic or rational. |
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Term
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Definition
| a state of lowered anxiety, stress, and physiological arousal. relaxation may be induced by tensing and then relaxing various muscle groups or via breathing exercises, imagery exercises, or hypnosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| a form of aversion therapy in which positive reinforcers are removed following an undesired behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| a contingency management technique in which a behavior is developed by first rewarding any behavior that approximates it and then by selectively reinforcing behaviors that more and more resemble target behavior. |
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Term
| stress-inoculation training (SIT) |
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Definition
| a technique developed by Donald Meichenbaum that attempts to prevent problems by inoculating patients to ongoing and future stressors. SIT involves educating patients about how certain appraisal patterns lead to stress, teaching them to identify and cope with potential stressors, rehearsing these coping skills in the therapy and consolidating these skills by applying them across a range of real-life, stressful situations. |
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Term
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Definition
| another term for shaping. |
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Term
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Definition
| the notion that if a symptom is removed without attending to the underlying pathology of an illness, another symptom will emerge and taje its place. |
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Term
| systematic desensitization |
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Definition
| a behavioral technique for reducing anxiety in which patients practice relaxation while visualizing anxiety provoking situations of increasing intensity. In this way, the patient becomes "desensitized" to the feared stimulus. |
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Term
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Definition
| a contingency management technique in which a person is removed temporarily from the situation that is reinforcing the undesired behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| a system in which desired behaviors are promoted through the strict control of reinforcements. establishing a such system requires specifying the immediate reinforcers for each behavior as well as the backup reinforcers for which patients can exchange their immediate reinforcers. |
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