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| a psychotherapy developed by Carl Rogers that emphasizes the importance of the client's perceptions of his or her experience and recognizes an inherent human tendency toward developing one's capacities. this therapy orientation seeks to facilitate the client's potential growth. |
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| one of the three therapist characteristics considered essential for client-centered work (also referred to genuineness). Congruence refers to the honest expression by the therapist of the behaviors, feelings, and attitudes. |
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| a technique described by Frankl in which the client in instructed to ignore a trouble-some behavior or symptom in order to divert his or her attention to more constructive thoughts or activities. |
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| a psychotherapy that integrates the client-centered and Gestalt psychotherapy traditions. at the heart of EFT is the theoretical proposition that emotions are fundamentally adaptive and that emotions give our life experience its value, meaning, and direction. |
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| one of the three therapist characteristics considered essential for client-centered work. empathy referes to sensitivity to the needs, feelings, and circumstances of clients so that they feel understood. |
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| an orientation to psychology that views people as engaged in a search for meaning. |
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| "games" developed by the Gestaltists to emphasize the "rules" of Gestalt therapy. often, these games may involve making prescribed verbalizations or engaging in various role-plays. |
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| a capacity for competence that all individuals possess. the goal of client-centered therapy is to release this capacity. |
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| an approach to psychology that views individuals as unified, whole, and unique beings who exercise free choice and strive to develop their inner potentials. |
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(literally the meaning of "therapy.") A widely known form of existential therapy developed by Victor Frankl that encourages the client to:
a) to find meaning in what happens to be a callous, uncaring, and meaningless world.
b) to develop a sense of responsibility for his or her life |
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| in Gestalt therapy, rules for patients to live by. |
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| a technique described by Frankl in which the client is told to consciously attempt to perform the very behavior or response that is the object of anxiety or concern. the paradox is that the person will usually be unable to do what he or she fears doing when he or she tries to do it intentionally. |
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| the client-centered approach when it is applied to problems or situations outside of the therapy room. |
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| the part of the phenomenal field that the person experiences as "me." according to phenomenological theory, humans have a basic urge to preserve and enhance the phenomenal self. |
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| a philosophical/theoretical approach that asserts that an individual's behavior is completely determined by his or phenomenal field, or everything that is experienced by the person at any given point in time. |
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| process-experiential therapy |
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| a relatively new treatment approach that integrates the client-centered and Gestalt therapy traditions. |
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| the awareness of one's being and functioning as separate and distinct from all else. |
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| the basic human tendency toward maintaining and enhancing the self. |
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| unconditional positive regard |
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| one of the three therapist characteristics considered essential for client-centered work. unconditional positive regard refers to complete acceptance of and respect for the client as a human being, without conditions or requirements. |
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