Term
| statistical method that allows psychotherapy researchers to summarize the results of hundreds of published studies |
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Definition
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| first researchers to publish a large-scale meta analysis of psychotherapy. |
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Definition
| Mary Smith and Gene Glass |
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Term
| which statistic can be used an an indicator of effect size. |
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Definition
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| average size of psychotherapy... (based on Smith and Glass 1977) |
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Term
| the average person receiving treatment was better off at the end than______% of those who received treatment. |
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Term
| if a treatment had no effect whatsoever, what should the average effect size be? |
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Definition
| if there was no group difference then d=0 |
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Term
| if a treatment had no effect whatsoever, then the avg person receiving treatment should be better off at the end than ____ of those who had not received treatment. |
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Definition
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Term
| In 1980, Smith, Glass...Psychotherapy had an average effect of delta ____ |
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Term
| the average person receiving psychotherapy is better off than_____ of people who did not receive therapy |
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Term
| when dobson and robinson, berman and neimeyer examined research on treatments for depression what'd they find? |
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Definition
| cognitive therapy had a very large effect size compared with waiting-list control (d>15) but only a small relative advantage over other treatments such as behavior therapy. |
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Term
| When Chambkess and Gillis reviewed research on the treatment of anxiety disorders, whatd they find? |
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Definition
| cognitive-behavioral treaments were, in general, very efficacious compared to no-treatment conditions, but the extent to which treatments differentially emphasized cognitive or behavioral elements had little impact on treatment outcome. |
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Term
| when Thompson-Brenner did a multi-dimensional meta-analyses on bulimia nervosa, what overall dropout rate did they find in the RCT's they examined? |
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Definition
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Term
| What method did Drew Westen and colleagues use to factor in considerations such as external validity, clinical validity, the number of patients excluded from RCT's recovery rates and persistence of benefits over time? |
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Definition
multidimensional meta analyses
-these meta analyses were designed to improve on previous meta analyses by analyzing a number of other treatment-related variables in addition to treatment outcome. |
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Term
| When Thompson-Brenner did a multi-dimensional meta-analysis on bulimia nervosa what was the general range of effect sizes for therapy versus no treatment? |
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Definition
| the avg effect of therapy compared with no treatment was substantial, with d values in the range of .9 to 1.0 |
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Term
| When stirman and colleagues (2003) compared the symptom severity of patients in RCT's to that of patients in ordinry clinical practice which group was generally found to have the WORSE symptoms BEFORE treatment began? |
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Definition
| RCT was of greater severity than other psychotherapy services. |
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Term
| How might Stirman, DeRubeis, Crits-Cristoph and Rothman repsond to the criticism that it is impossible to use RCT outcome data to choose treatments because clients usually have more than one disorder? |
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Definition
| Even if a potential research participant might be excluded from an RCT because of the presence of comorbid diagnoses, it is highly likely that the patient would meet commonly used inclusion criteria used in the RCTs for the comorbid diagnosis. |
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Term
| Why have review panels translated the knowledge gained from research into _____? |
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Definition
| Clinical Practice Guidelines: to help practitioners make evidence based practice decisions. |
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Term
| What social forces helped prompt the APA Society of Clinical Psychology to form a task force on the promotion and dissemination of psychological procedures? |
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Definition
-The foal of the task force was to set a standard for defining treatment efficacy that was comparable to standards used in other areas of health care
-did this because of increasing pressure for health care practices to be both demonstable effective and cost effective.
-Lefislation and state case law were being used to help shape the nature of both federal and state health care policy, and there appeared to be a very real danger that access to mental health and behavioral health care services might be curtailed because of perceptions that such services were both expensive and ineffective. |
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Term
| Evidence Supported Treatment |
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Definition
| treatment or intervention protocol that has scientific, empirical research evidence for its efficacy with its intended problems and populations. |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to the use of research and scientific studies as a base for determining the best practices in a field. |
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Term
| What kind of evidence are required for something to be designated as an efficaciaous Empiracally Supported Treatment? |
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Definition
| The superiority of the EST must have been shown in at least two independent research setings. If the data from all studies of the treatment are conflicting, the preponderance of the well-controlled data must support the EST efficacy. |
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Term
| What kinds of evidence are required for something to be designated as an probablably efficacious EST (empiracally supported treatment) |
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Definition
| in the absence of conflicting evidence. |
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Term
| What might a proponent of the EST initiative say in response to the criticism that it is premature to come up with a list of treatments with empirical support? |
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Definition
Given
a) the pressing need for services that work
b) hundreds of treatment studies
c) the millions of dollars of spending on psychotherapy research to date...
it is time for greater professional and public awareness of what works. |
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Term
| What might a proponent of the EST initiative say in response to the criticism that the EST criteria-for example requiring RCT's and treatment manuals- are a disadvantage for some therapeutic orientations? |
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Definition
| The criteria may require some psychotherapy researchers to provide more details about the nature of the treatments they study but researchers from psychodynamic, experiential, interpersonal, and cognitive behavioral approaches have been ale to develop treatment manuals and conduct RCTs. |
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Term
| What might a proponent of the Est initiative say in response to the criticism that patients in RCT's are not representative of patients in the "real world" who seek therapy? |
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Definition
| RCT's may have more severe problems than those typically found in clinical practice. |
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Term
| What might propenent of the EST initiative say in response to the critcism that EST designations are based on efficacy trial but do we really know that these treatments can work in the real world? |
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Definition
-effectiveness trials are critical for ensuring that treatments can be appropriately delivered in clinical practice.
-but, the relation between efficacy and effectiveness trials should be seen as evolutionary, because it only makes sense to mount an effectiveness trials for a treatment that has been shown to work in efficacy trials. |
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Term
| According to Freske and Goldstein... are eye movements necessary for eye movement desensitization and reprocessing to be effective? |
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Definition
| EMDR without the accompanying eye movements has results comparable to those obtained with EMDR with eye movements |
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Term
| what forms of therapy are recommended for the treatment of depression |
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Definition
| A # of brief, structured therapies may be used to treat depression including CBT interpersonal therapy and psychodynamic theory? |
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Term
| According to the stepped care model for the management of depression what treatment (s) should be offered to all patients with non-chronic moderate depression? |
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Definition
offer anti depressant to all patients and consider switching to another medication if there is no response within 1 month.
-offer CBT or IPT to patients who refuse medication or do not have an adequate response to other treatment. |
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Term
| AS clients began to express doubts about the point of therapy assignments suggest the use of a thought record, in which the client should record what information? |
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Definition
| includes a description of the situation, associated behaviors, associated emotions and associated thoughts. |
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Term
| After clients have used thought records for awhile what difficult skill should clients have ideally acquired? |
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Definition
| examine how these thoughts influence decisions around behaviors and the resulting emotional states. |
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