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Clinical Pharmacokinetics: time course
nursing pharmacology
27
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 2
12/30/2010

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Term
first order elimination
Definition

-constant percentage of drug eliminated per unit time

-how most drugs are eiliminated

Term
plasma half-life
Definition
time to reduce plasma levels by one half
Term
4-5 1/2 lives
Definition
how many half lives does it take to reach a steady state?
Term
capacity limited (zero order) elimination
Definition

-constant amount of drug eliminated per unit time

-can cause drug accumulation

Term
receptors
Definition
regulatory proteins that interact with a drug or hormone and initiate a cellular response
Term
ED50
Definition

-dose that works in 50% of the population 50% of the time. 

-threshold dose

Term
threshold dose
Definition
dose below which, no response
Term
mid range
Definition
half of possible maximum response
Term
potency
Definition
does to produce 1/2 of the possible maximum response: ED50
Term
ceiling
Definition
maxium response
Term
affinity
Definition
how well the drug binds
Term
intrinsic activity (i.a.)
Definition
___________- the ability to produce a response
Term
intrinsic activity
Definition
Agonists have __________
Term
affinity and efficacy
Definition
Agonists also have ________ and _________
Term
affinity
Definition
how well the drug fits into binding sites
Term
efficacy
Definition
how well the drug turns on the receptor after binding
Term
antagonist
Definition
a partial agonist in the presence or a full agonist is an ___________
Term
agonists
Definition
drugs that interact with a receptor to produce a response
Term
full agonists
Definition
these can produce the full response I.A.= 1
Term
partial agonist
Definition
these can produce a response less than that of full agonists. I.A> 0 and <1
Term
competitive antagonist
Definition
these have affinity, no intrinsic activity, block the binding by an agonist to its receptor, blockade can be overcome, and reduce the potency of the agonist
Term
pharmacological efficacy
Definition
how well the drug turns on receptors
Term
therapeutic efficacy
Definition
how well a drug relieves symptoms
Term
LD50 / ED50
Definition
what is the formula for the therapeutic index? 
Term
LD1/ ED99
Definition
What is the formula for the certain safety index?
Term
Therapeutic index
Definition
the difference between the therapeutic effect and the lethal effect. The further apart the curves are, the safer the drug.
Term
Certain Safety Index
Definition
This tells you how far apart the tails of the curves are, the bigger the number, the safer the drug.
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