Term
|
Definition
• Internal parasites
• Presence is called an infection |
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Term
|
Definition
•External parasites
•Live on the surface of skin or pores of skin.
•Presence is called an infestation |
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Term
|
Definition
•Insects
•Arachnids
•Nematodes
•Tapeworms
Trematodes
•Protozoans |
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Term
|
Definition
Internal and external parasites
•Life cycle: egg, larva, pupa, adult |
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Term
|
Definition
•Life cycle: egg, larva, nymph, adult.
•Ectoparasites |
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Term
|
Definition
•Called roundworms
•Life cycle: egg, four larval, adult
•Endoparasites |
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Term
|
Definition
•Life cycle: egg, larva, adult
•Endoparasites
•Lives in its hosts digestive tract |
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Term
|
Definition
•Called flukes
•Life cycle: egg, several larval stages, adult.
•Endoparasites |
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Term
|
Definition
•Single celled animals
•Endoparasites |
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Term
|
Definition
•Called horseflies, deer-flies, green-head flies
•Female feeds on blood
•An animal fighting off Tabanids stop grazing, have poor weight gain and lower milk production
•Disease vectors for anthrax, tularemia, bovine anaplasmosis, equine infectious anemia
•Live near rivers, streams, and swamps |
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Term
|
Definition
•Blood feeding fly (male and female)
•Feed indoors
•Can cause meat and milk production to decline
•Can carry bovine anaplasmosis and equine infectious anemia |
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Term
|
Definition
•Blood sucking fly
•Ectoparasites of pastured cattle
•Both male and female suck blood
•Spend their life on the cow
•Cause FLY WORRY—where a cow spends so much time shooing flies instead of grazing, causes poor weight gain.
•Killed by insecticide |
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Term
|
Definition
•Female fly feeds on cattle
•Feeds on fluids from the eyes, nose, mouth
•Vector of bovine pinkeye
•Feed on pastured cattle
•Insecticides may have little effect |
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Term
|
Definition
•Adult isn’t parasitic
•Cattle, pigs, sheep, and goats are the hosts
•Larva feed on the tissues of wounds on host |
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Term
|
Definition
•Only the maggots are parasitic
•Prefers young cows to older ones
•Causes a behavior caused gadding—where a cow runs blindly around trying to avoid the fly, leads to decreased milk production and lower weight gain.
•Hypodermal lineatum spend the winter in the cow’s esophagus, hypodermal bovis larvae in the fat around the spinal cord.
•Treat cow with insecticides after egg laying or the spring |
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Term
|
Definition
• Spinose ear tick
• Cattle tick
• Lone star tick
• Gulf coast tick
• Rocky mountain wood tick
• Winter tick
• Deer or blacklegged tick |
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Term
|
Definition
• One host tick, larval and nymphal stages in cows ear
• Adult tick live on the ground
• Larva attach themselves to the cow from grass and then move to the ear and eat blood
• A severe infection can lead to inflammation and deafness |
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Term
|
Definition
• One host hard tick
• Transmits tick fever
• Is killed by pesticides |
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Term
|
Definition
• Three host hard tick
• Larva and nymphs feed on small animals
• Adults feed on large animals in the neck region
• A severe infestation can cause anemia |
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Term
|
Definition
• Three host hard tick
• Larva and nymph feed on ground dwelling birds
• Adult feeds on large animals |
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Term
|
Definition
• Three host hard tick
• Larva feed on rodents
• Adults feed on large animals, in the stomach region
• As it feeds it injects a toxin that may cause tick paralysis
• A vector for bovine anaplasmosis—a bacterial infection characterized by fever, jaundice, emaciation |
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Term
|
Definition
• One host hard tick
• Adult tick develops on the host, lays eggs in winter
• Heavy infestations can weaken host |
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Term
|
Definition
• Three host hard tick
• Larva and nymph feed on small animals and birds
• Adults feed on large animals
• Feed on head or neck of host
• Vectors for bovine anaplasmosis and Lyme disease
• Can cause tick paralysis
• Can be killed with pesticides |
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Term
|
Definition
• Mites that cause mange are: sarcoptes, demodex, chorioptes, psorptes
• Sarcoptes mite causes sarcoptic mange, characterized by intense itching and large loss of hair. Treated with ivermectin.
• Demodex mites cause demodectic mange—characterized by formation of small nodules in skin, treated with ivermectin
• Psoroptes mites harm cattle, cause psorptic mange—characterized by vesicles on the skin causing itching, ivermectin treats.
• Chorioptes mange mites burrow and spend entire life on host. Ivermectin treats. |
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Term
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Definition
• Spends entire life cycle on sheep
• Female lays fully developed larva in sheep wool
• Adult flies suck blood
• A sheep will not gain weight and have damage to its wool
• Heavy infestations become anemic |
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Term
|
Definition
• Larva is parasitic
• Adult fly lays eggs in the nose of sheep, larva burrow into sinus cavity
• Mild infestations don’t cause problems, heavy infestations cause sheep to not gain weight, be uncoordinated, may have trouble breathing.
• Ivermectin kills larva |
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Term
|
Definition
• Feed on moist decaying matter, open festering wounds, soiled wool
• Infestations may kill sheep
• Practices of docking tails and crutching (shaving the wool away from below the tail) help curb infestations. |
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Term
|
Definition
• Demodectic, sarcoptic, psorptic mange all affect sheep
• Demodectic mange is rare
• Sarcoptic mange starts on face, intense itching, weight loss, rare in sheep.
• Psoroptic mange (aka sheep scab) causes itching that causes wool to fall off, occur during winter, rare in USA
• All can be cured with Ivermectin or dipping. |
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Term
|
Definition
• Larva of rodent botfly turns up sometimes
• Treatment is surgical removal |
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Term
|
Definition
• Infestations cause irritation and poor weight gain
• Treatment is insecticide or ivermectin |
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Term
|
Definition
• Spinous ear tick
• Gulf coast tick
• Lone star tick
• Blacklegged tick
• American dog tick
• Treatment with pesticide |
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Term
|
Definition
• Sarcoptic mange mites
• Cause pigs intense itching
• Infects the face or neck
• Ivermectin is the treatment |
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Term
|
Definition
• Horsefly
• Stable fly
• Mosquitoes are a vector for equine encephalitis
• Treat the horse in winter when the adults have died |
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Term
|
Definition
• Hematopinus asini—sucking louse
• Bovicola equi—chewing louse
• An infected horse will bite or rub the area and damage its hair
• Infestations occur in winter
• Treatment with ivermectin or insecticide |
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Term
|
Definition
• Blacklegged tick
• Rocky mountain wood tick
• Winter tick
• Gulf coast tick
• Lone star tick |
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Term
|
Definition
• Sarcoptes
• Psorptes
• Chorioptes
• Demodex |
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Term
|
Definition
• Mosquito—carries heart worm disease
• Cuterebra—rare in cats and dogs, but can kill cat if the larva get into the brain |
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Term
|
Definition
• Ctenocephalides flees most common
• Lives up to two months, larva feeds on organic material
• Heavy flea infestations cause anemia
• Pesticides can cure infestations |
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Term
|
Definition
• Feeds on dog as larva, nymph, adult
• Irritate the skin around their bite
• Transmits viruses, bacteria and protozoan
• May cause tick paralysis
• Pesticide or tick collar can deal with infestations |
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Term
| BLACKLEGGED OR DEER TICK (DOG/CAT) |
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Definition
• Nymph and adult feed on dogs
• Transmits Lyme disease
• Infestations are usually minor in dogs and cats |
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Term
|
Definition
• Three host hard tick
• Larva and nymph feed on rodents
• Adults feed on dogs and cats
• Carries canine piroplasmosis and rocky mountain spotted fever |
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Term
| PARASITIC MITES OF CAT/DOG |
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Definition
• Demodectic mange mite
• Sarcoptic mange mite
• Neoteric mange mite
• Ear mite |
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Term
| DEMODECTIC MANGE MITE (CAT/DOG |
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Definition
• Common mite in dogs
• Mange is mild, localized disease or serious generalized disease
• Localized disease causes hair loss
• Generalized disease occurs in dogs with compromised immune system, have hair loss and thickening of the skin
• Diagnosed by scraping the skin
• Difficult to treat. |
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Term
| SARCOPTIC MANGE MITE (DOG/CAT |
|
Definition
• Can cause mange in dogs
• Prefers the skin of face, ears, forelimbs
• Contagious
• Diagnosed by skin scraping |
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Term
| NOTEDRIC MANGE MITE (CAT/DOG) |
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Definition
• Causes mange in cats
• Encrusted lesions and thickened skin
• Shows up on ears and back of the neck
• Contagious
• 1% solution of selenium sulfide is treatment, or ivermectin |
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Term
|
Definition
• Lives in the ear of dogs and cats
• Causes skin irritation and ear wax
• Can cause convulsions in cats |
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Term
|
Definition
• Infests mice, rats, chipmunks, squirrels, rabbits
• Do little harm under the skin, leaves an open wound when emerges and causes bacterial infection |
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Term
|
Definition
• A sucking lice
• Feeds on the rabbit’s back, sides, groin.
• Causes intense itching
• Carries tularemia (a bacterial infection)
• Insecticide kills lice |
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Term
|
Definition
• Chewing lice
• Feed on skin debris
• No harm to host
• Heavy infestations cause itching |
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Term
|
Definition
• Infested animals appear restless, have ruffled fur, constantly scratch
• Heavy infestation cause anemia or death
• Apply insecticide |
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Term
| ECTOPARASITES OF FERRETS/FOXES/MINK |
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Definition
• Fox maggot fly—can kill a young fox.
• Rodent bot fly—infests ferrets
• Fleas of cats and dogs can infest these animals
• Ferrets are susceptible to ear mite
• Pesticides work to kill these parasites |
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Term
|
Definition
• Hard tick attacks cold blooded animals
• Irritates skin and leaves open wound |
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Term
|
Definition
• Lives on mammals and birds as larva
• Lives on gopher tortoise as nymph and adult
• Irritates skin and leave wounds |
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Term
|
Definition
• Suck blood as a nymph and adult
• Lives under the scales and around the eyes of its host
• May cause anemia or death
• Treat with a pesticide |
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Term
|
Definition
• Lives and feeds on the skin of the breast, thighs, and anus reason
• Infested chickens wont gain weight
• Heavy infestations may kill chicken
• Insecticide treats |
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Term
|
Definition
• Common in chickens
• Lives on the feathers of the breast and thighs
• Causes no problems |
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Term
|
Definition
• Infests chickens and turkeys
• Causes skin irritations and localized swelling
• Heavy infestation can cause anemia and poor egg production
• Insecticide kills |
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Term
|
Definition
• Soft ticks that feed on chickens
• Feed at night and leave the chicken during the day
• Causes egg production to decrease
• Causes anemia or death, tick paralysis
• Treat with pesticides |
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Term
|
Definition
• Feeds on domestic foul
• Spends entire life on host
• Feeds around the vent of the bird
• May cause decreased egg production, anemia, and scabs |
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Term
|
Definition
• Bloodsucking mite of poultry
• Nymphs and adults feed on birds
• Lives off host during day, feeds at night
• Causes decreased egg production, anemia or death |
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Term
|
Definition
• Lies on poultry for entire life cycle
• Lives in the birds legs or feet
• Causes swollen legs and lameness
• Treat with pesticide |
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Term
|
Definition
• Larval mite
• Feeds on breast and thigh of turkey
• Treat with pesticides |
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Term
|
Definition
• First and second stage larva are free living organisms
• Host starts infection by eating the larva
• Live in the mucosa of the stomach
• Suck blood
• A heavy infestation can kill sheep
• Trichostrongylus larvae damage the stomachs mucosa
• Can cause diarrhea and weight loss, decreased growth
• Ostertagia larvae live in stomach gastric glands, cause severe diarrhea and weight loss, may be fatal
• Treat with prophylactic dose of anthelmintic and move pastures every year. |
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Term
|
Definition
• Type 1: caused by unarrested larva, destroying gastric glands occurs during the first grazing season.
• Type 2: caused by a group of arrested larva destroying the gastric glands occurs in older animals during the northern spring or southern autumn. |
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Term
|
Definition
• Lay eggs in gut
• 1st and 2nd stage larva are free living
• Host eats 3rd stage larva starting infection
• May not cause problems, heavy infections can cause diarrhea and weight loss
• Treat with anthelmintics. |
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Term
|
Definition
• Live in sheep and goats
• Dictyocaulus found only in cattle
• Live in the hosts lungs or bronchi
• First stage larva pass through gut and exit with feces
• In cattle cause few problems
• In sheep and goats cause few problems may have persistent cough and trouble breathing
• Treat with anthelmintics and control slug and snails in pasture |
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Term
|
Definition
• Lives in the small intestine of sheep, goats, cattle
• Animal infects itself by eating the mite, which is the intermediate host.
• Turns up in young animals during first grazing season
• Causes no serious problems but animals may be unthrifty and suffer diarrhea
• Treat with anthelmintics |
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Term
|
Definition
• Ruminant are intermediate hosts, dog is main host for this tapeworm
• Larva lives in ruminants internal organ or muscle
• Cause no problems
• Can travel to sheep brain where it destroys brain tissue eventually affecting the sheep’s movement |
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Term
|
Definition
• Main host is the dog
• Ruminants are intermediate host
• Larval stage is called a Hydatid cyst and lives in the lungs of the intermediate host
• Cause little problems
• Only detected once they go to slaughter |
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Term
|
Definition
• Adults live in the liver
• Eggs travel with the bile to the intestine leaving the host in the feces
• Larva live in snails
• Animal eats larva cyst and they hatch in ruminants small intestine
• Sheep can suffer fatal liver damage
• Transmits black disease
• Treat with anthelmintics |
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Term
|
Definition
• Lives in deer, cows, sheep
• Cause deer or cows no problems
• Sheep die with infection
• Treat with anthelmintics in deer and cattle |
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Term
|
Definition
• Live in hosts intestine
• Are species specific
• Multiply quickly so only a small amount can cause an infection
• Strike cattle in feedlots and are stressed
• May cause diarrhea or death |
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Term
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Definition
• Lives in the cells of its host intestine
• Young animals may suffer from watery diarrhea
• Diagnosed by looking at feces
• No good treatments exist |
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Term
|
Definition
• Lives in cows vagina, uterus, and bull penis
• Multiplies in host
• Transmitted during sexual intercourse
• No harm to bull, can cause abortion and infertility in cow
• There is a vaccine |
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Term
|
Definition
• Lives in ruminants small intestine
• Causes diarrhea |
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Term
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Definition
• Lives in the muscles of ruminants
• Ruminants are intermediate host
• Dog is main host |
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Term
|
Definition
• Compete with the pig for food
• Causes no problems
• Treat with anthelmintics |
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Term
|
Definition
• Causes the disease trichinosis in humans and other mammals
• Live in the mucosa of small intestine
• Adults give birth to larva, pigs eat them and get infected
• Cause pigs little harm
• Treat with anthelmintics
• Isn’t a problem in pet pigs |
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Term
|
Definition
• Live in pigs intestine
• Pig eats infective larva
• Larva goes through several free living stages before it becomes infective
• Light infestations don’t cause problems
• Heavy infestations cause diarrhea and anorexia, death in young pigs
• Treat with anthelmintics |
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Term
|
Definition
• Very common in livestock and pet pigs
• Feeds on blood from the intestinal wall
• Can cause diarrhea
• Treat with anthelmintics |
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Term
|
Definition
• Lives in the air passages
• Adult lays eggs in pig’s trachea, they are passed in the feces. Larva lives in intermediate host earthworm.
• Pig gets infected by eating infected earthworms
• A mild disease
• Only effects outside pigs
• Treated by anthelmintics |
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Term
|
Definition
• Lives in the stomach
• Larva live two three living stages before becoming infective
• Pig eats infective larva, adult lives in stomach and suck blood
• Feeding adults may cause damage to stomach lining or ulcers
• Treat with anthelmintics |
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Term
|
Definition
• Lives in the kidney and ureters of pig
• Pigs may eat infective larva or burrow through the skin, live in the liver until adulthood
• Larva can damage liver which leads to unthriftyness
• Responds to anthelmintics |
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Term
|
Definition
• Live in the small intestine
• Adults are all female
• Infective larva burrow through the pigs skin
• May be dormant for a time
• May wake up in pregnant females and make their way to the fetus or mammary glands
• Cause diarrhea and anorexia or death
• Can be treated with anthelmintics |
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Term
|
Definition
• Pork tapeworm uses pig as intermediate host
• Larva stage lives in muscles of pigs
• Causes no problem for pig |
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Term
|
Definition
• Isospora suis can cause severe diarrhea in newborn pigs
• Diagnosed by finding oocytes in feces |
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Term
|
Definition
• Adults live in the small intestine
• Eggs containing second stage larva are eaten by the horse
• Eggs hatch in intestine, then travel to the liver, then reach the lungs
• Adult horses usually develop and immunity
• May cause coughing and unthriftyness in foals. Cause weight loss or death
• Diagnosed by checking feces for eggs
• Treated with anthelmintics. Should be given to foals and pregnant mares |
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Term
|
Definition
• Live in the large intestine and cecum, eat the mucosa
• Adults lay eggs in intestine, they pass in the feces, first and second stage larva is free living, third stage larva is infected via feeding.
• Larvae mold in large intestine and invade the wall and cranial mesenteric artery where they become adults.
• Larvae of strongyles vulgaris cause great harm via damaging blood vessels, cause ulcers, and anemia.
• Effects young horses more than older ones.
• Prevention is the key to fighting this infection with anthelmintics. |
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Term
|
Definition
• Lives in large intestine and cecum
• Become infected by eating eggs that hatch in large intestine where they molt several times.
• Fourth stage larva mold and develop into adults and eat stomach contents
• Females lay eggs on the anus
• Treat with anthelmintics. |
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Term
|
Definition
• Unlike the pig threadworm, these don’t infect the fetus.
• Deadly to foals, causing diarrhea
• Treated by anthelmintics |
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Term
|
Definition
• Anoplocephala magna and paranoplocephala mamillana live in the horses small intestine
• Can cause unthriftyness and diarrhea
• Treat with anthelmintics |
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Term
|
Definition
• Cause diarrhea in young horses
• Treated with drugs |
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Term
| ASCARDIS OF DOGS AND CATS |
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Definition
• Live in small intestine of dogs and cats
• Animals become infected by eating the eggs that contains second stage larva
• Infection of puppies and kittens are as follows: eggs hatch in small intestine→2nd stage larva burrow through intestinal wall and enter a vein→carried through liver to the lungs→larva molt becoming 3rd stage larva→reach trachea and are swallowed by animal→return to small intestine, become adults.
• Can be passed in the milk of nursing mothers. 3rd stage larva.
• 2nd stage larva can be passed to the fetus via the mother
• Cause little damage in light infestations
• Heavy infections make host susceptible to pneumonia. May irritate intestine, poor weight gain.
• Treated with anthelmintics |
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Term
|
Definition
• Ancylostoma caninum = dogs
• Ancylostoma tubaeforme =cats
• Ancylostoma brasiliense infects both
• First and second stage larva free living
• 3rd stage larva penetrate skin, travel to lungs
• 3rd stage molts and travels up trachea where they are swallowed. Attach themselves to intestine and suck blood.
• A. Caninum infects puppies prenatal or transmammary transmission
• Cause severe anemia
• Use anthelmintic to treat. |
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Term
|
Definition
• Heavy infestation can cause diarrhea
• Treat with anthelmintics for 3 months
• Eggs can survive for two years on the ground |
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Term
|
Definition
• Adult females live in intestine
• Strongyloides stercoralis infects dogs, humans, occasionally cats
• Eggs hatch in small intestine, 1st larva leave host via feces
• May pass to puppies via milk
• Animals 6mos or older don’t develop an infection
• May damage intestinal wall causing diarrhea
• Treat with anthelmintics |
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Term
|
Definition
• Very dangerous
• Live in host pulmonary artery
• Female releases her embryos, which are taken up by the mosquito where they molt into 3rd stage larva. Mosquito bites animal and infects it. They move to the heart
• In heavy infections worms block flow of blood to lung, causes heart failure
• Treat with anthelmintic and surgery. Control with prophylactic drugs. |
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Term
|
Definition
• Live in skin of dog
• Worm produces microfila, flea picks up microfila where they develop, flea then injects larva into dog, and larva grow to adults.
• Causes no problems with the dog
• Treatment is keeping dog flea free |
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Term
|
Definition
• Adults inhabit cysts in the lungs of dog and cat
• Dog/cat gets infected by eating the intermediate host
• Dog/cat will cough or wheeze
• Treat with anthelmintics |
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Term
| DOUBLE PORE TAPEWORM (DOG/CAT |
|
Definition
• Common in dogs and cats
• Fleas are intermediate host
• Animals get infected when they ingest flea
• Develops to adulthood in intestine and soaks up hosts digested food
• Treat with anthelmintics |
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Term
| TAENIID TAPEWORMS (DOG/CAT) |
|
Definition
• Common in cat
• Intermediate host is mouse or rat
• Treat with anthelmintics |
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Term
| HYDATID TAPEWORMS (DOG/CAT) |
|
Definition
• Live in hosts intestine
• Ruminants are the intermediate hosts
• Cause dog or cat no problems
• Can infect human owner. Grow in liver. |
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Term
|
Definition
• Isospora canis =dog
• Isospora fells =cat
• Infect hosts as oocytes
• Usually cause no problems. Can cause diarrhea in kittens and puppies |
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Term
|
Definition
• Common in cats
• Cause cats few problems
• Can kill intermediate host with low immune system
• Can kill people with AIDS |
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Term
|
Definition
• Lives in the cell lining of dog and cat intestines
• Intermediate hosts are deer, ruminants and rodents
• Causes no problems
• Has no treatment |
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Term
|
Definition
• Lives in small intestine
• Can infect humans
• May cause chronic diarrhea
• Keep pets from drinking water contaminated with giardia |
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|
Term
|
Definition
• Hookworm
• Heart worm
• Double pore tape worm
• Lung fluke
• Giardia
• Cryptosporidium |
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|
Term
| ENDOPARASITES OF RODENTS AND RABBITS |
|
Definition
• Pinworms, live in the cecum of their hosts, cause no problems
• Intermediate hosts for dog or cat tapeworms
• Giardia (cant affect humans)
• Tritrichomonas
• Eimeria. Lives in intestines or liver. Cause them no problems. Severe infestations in the liver will kill the rabbit. |
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Term
|
Definition
• Live in the wall of the esophagus and stomach
• May cause vomiting
• Don’t feed snakes amphibians, the intermediate host
• Treat with reptile safe anthelmintics |
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Term
|
Definition
• Adults are all females
• Snakes eat infective larva
• Cause severe disease of snakes and lizards
• Treat with anthelmintics |
|
|
Term
| PARASITIC PROTOZOANS OF REPTILES |
|
Definition
• Ameboa of snakes infects reptiles
• Turtles aren’t severely effected, can kill a snake or lizard
• Causes anorexia and diarrhea
• Responds to drugs |
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|
Term
| COMMON ASCARID OF POULTRY |
|
Definition
• Live in small intestine
• Host eats eggs, eggs hatch in stomach, larva burrow in intestinal wall, and returns to intestine to adult stage.
• Cause diseases in young birds
• Heavy infections will cause unthriftyness, anemia diarrhea
• Respond to anthelmintics |
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|
Term
|
Definition
• Lives in the cecum
• Cause no disease of poultry
• Vectors of blackhead disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Lives in the trachea
• Female lays eggs in trachea, bird swallow eggs, get passed in the feces, become infective in 1 week.
• Host eats eggs and larva comes out in the intestine, larva moves to the lungs to grow into adulthood.
• Heavy infections block the trachea smothering birds
• Treat with anthelmintics |
|
|
Term
| CAPILLARIA SPECIES (POULTRY) |
|
Definition
• Live in the crop, intestine or cecum of birds
• Causes weight loss and diarrhea
• Treat with anthelmintics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| • Davainera proglottina is a tapeworm of chickens, uses snail as intermediate host, and lives in the intestines, causes unthriftyness and weight loss. Treated by anthelmintics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Most important parasite of poultry
• Are host specific, live in the small, large intestine, and cecum.
• Can cause bloody diarrhea and weight loss in young birds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• T. Gallinae lives in the upper digestive tract of pigeons, turkey, chickens
• T. Gallinarum lives in the cecum and large intestine of poultry.
• There is no cyst stage
• Transferred by sharing water with other birds
• T. Gallinae causes foul smelling breath, drowsiness, and drooling, may kill host |
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Term
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Definition
• Caused by histomonas meleagridis
• Infects the cecum and liver of turkeys and chickens
• Uses the cecal worm as vector
• The blackhead feeds on bacteria in the cecum or it may burrow into the wall and feed on the bird’s tissues.
• Turkeys infected become anorectic and have yellow, semi-solid feces
• Chickens don’t so any problems |
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Term
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Definition
• Doesn’t infect mammals
• Can cause serious problems in pet birds
• Fatal in young birds
• Signs include weight loss, depression, diarrhea. |
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