Term
| how are physeal fractures classified? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the #1 joint disorder in dogs, rate in cats? list joints commonly affected |
|
Definition
DJD
hip (dysplasia)
elbow
stifle
shoulder |
|
|
Term
| what must be damaged if the hip is luxated? |
|
Definition
| ligament of the head of the femur is torn |
|
|
Term
| which is more common, medial and lateral patellar luxation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| list 3 common sites of OC in dogs |
|
Definition
#1 shoulder (caudal head)
elbow (medial condyle of humerus)
stifle (medial or lateral femoral condyle)
tarsus (medial trochlea of the talus) |
|
|
Term
| what is inflammation of a tendon without involvement of the tendon sheath? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is inflammation of a tendon sheath? |
|
Definition
| tendosynovitis/tenosynovitis (tendovaginitis) |
|
|
Term
| what is the bulging of the sheath due to pathological increase in synovial fluid? |
|
Definition
| hygroma of the tendon sheath |
|
|
Term
| why does the amount of fluid present indicate the state of health of a joint? |
|
Definition
| minimal in the healthy animal |
|
|
Term
| what is inflammation of a bursa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
list names for inflammation of a joint:
arthritis
arthropathy
polyarthritis
osteitis
osteomyelitis
osteoarthritis
osteroarthrosis
osteoarthropathy |
|
Definition
inflammation of a joint
any joint disease
inflammation of several joints
inflamm. of bone, osteomyelitis
inflamm of bone, osteitis
non inflamm DJD aka DJD
chronicnoninflamm.bone/jointdisease, DJD
any disease of joint and bones |
|
|
Term
| what is an infection in a joint with bacteria, virus and or fungus that causes cartilage damage? |
|
Definition
| septic (infection, bacterial) arthritis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| progressive deterioration of articular cartilage due to many causes (trauma, age, OC, infection) aka osteomyelitis, osteoarthritis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| synovits, results in progressive degradation of the cartilage |
|
|
Term
| how does DJD appear radiographically? |
|
Definition
| marginal osteophyte (new bone at joint capsule attachment) formation is the hallmark, subchondral bone sclerosis or irregularity, and narrowing of joint space |
|
|
Term
| what is an unhealed fracture, having all the structures of a synovial joint? |
|
Definition
| false joint - treatment requires resection, graft and compression fixation |
|
|
Term
| what is an articular fracture? |
|
Definition
| fracture that passes thru the articular cartilage |
|
|
Term
| what are 2 types of angular limb deformities? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
define tremor
intention tremor |
|
Definition
tremor: small rapid alternating movements at rest
intention tremor: tremor that becomes worse with initiation of a movement and disappears at rest |
|
|
Term
| what does an intention tremor indicate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the most common nystagmus? |
|
Definition
| rhythmic jerking with a fast and slow component |
|
|
Term
| how is nystagmus described? |
|
Definition
| by the direction of the quick movement |
|
|
Term
| what does nystagmus at rest indicate? |
|
Definition
| abnormality, usually indicates vestibular dysfunction |
|
|
Term
| how do the eyes move with nystagmus at rest? |
|
Definition
| eyes move to the side of the lesion and snap back |
|
|
Term
| define myoclonus (flexor spasm) |
|
Definition
| coarse jerking movements of muscle groups at rest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| improper measuring of distance in muscular activity, either too short or too long a range of motion |
|
|
Term
| what type of disease causes dysmetria? |
|
Definition
| cerebellar disease (especially hypermetria) |
|
|
Term
| define clonus/clonic muscular spasms |
|
Definition
| rapidly alternating involuntary muscular contraction and relaxation (UMN sign) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is ptosis of the upper eyelid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what lymph nodes are located in the cranial mediastinum? |
|
Definition
| cranial mediastinal lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
| where can neoplastic cells metastasize by lymph channels? |
|
Definition
lungs (thru general circulation)
also to more centrally located lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
| to where do hematogenous metastases from the abdominal GI organs go? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why are needle or surgical biposies of lymph nodes performed? |
|
Definition
| to evaluate changes for diagnostic purposes |
|
|
Term
| why are lymph nodes cut and checked during meat inspection and necropsy? |
|
Definition
| checked for changes in color and consistency indicating pathogenic processes |
|
|
