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Clinical Neuropsych terms
What kind of problem is being described
36
Psychology
Undergraduate 3
10/01/2014

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Term
Acalculia
Dyscalculia
Definition
Inability to perform mathematical operations.
Difficulty in performing arithmetical operations
Term
Agnosias (5)
Definition
Partial or complete inability to recognize sensory stimuli, unexplainable by a defect in elementary sensation or by a reduced level of alertness.
Term
Agraphia
Definition
Decline in ability to write or loss
Term
Amnesia
Definition
Partial or total loss of memory
Anterograde and retrograde
Term
Anomia
Definition
Difficulty in finding words, especially those naming objects.
Term
Aphasia
Definition
Defect or loss of the power of expression by speech, writing, or signs or of comprehending spoken or written language due to injury or disease of the brain.
Receptive
Term
Cortical deafness
Definition
From motor strip on either side
Term
Dyslexia
Definition
Difficulty reading
Term
Focal Lesion
Definition
(lesion is any damage to the nervous system)
Term
Hemianopia
Definition
Loss of pattern vision in either the left or right visual field.
Term
Left-Right confusion
Definition
Term
Monocular blindness
Definition
Blindness in one eye caused by the destruction of its retina or optic nerve.
Term
Contralateral Neglect
Unilateral visual Neglect
Definition
Neglect of part of the body or space contralateral to a lesion.

Neglect of all sensory events of one or more modalities of stimulation when the stimulation is restricted to one half o the world as defined by the central axis of the body.
Term
Paresis
Definition
General term for loss fo physical and mental ability due to brain disease, particularly from syphilitic infection; a term for slight or incomplete paralysis
Term
Simultaneous extinction
Definition
Stimuli on both sides but only recognized on one side
Term
Visuoperceptual problems
Definition
Visual agnosia
Visual distortion
Visual confusion
Visual integration
Term
Anosognosia
Definition
Loss of ability to recognize or ot acknowledge an illness or bodily defect, usually associated with right parietal lesions
Term
Asomatognosia
Definition
Loss of knowledge or sensory awareness of one's own body and bodily condition; may be on one or both sides of the body; most commonly results from damage to the right parietal lobe.
Term
Astereognosis
Definition
Inability, with no defect in elementary tactile sensation, to recognize familiar objects by touch
Term
Finger agnosia
Definition
Inability to distinguish fingers
Term
Prosopagnosia
Definition
Inability, not explained by defective visual acuity or reduced consciousness or alertness, to recognize familiar faces; rare in pure form and thought to be secondary to right parietal lesions or bilateral lesions.
Term
Anterograde
Definition
Inability to remember events subsequent to a disturbance.
Term
Retrograde
Definition
Inability to remember events that took place before onset of amnesia
Term
Broca's aphasia
Definition
Expressive, or nonfluent, aphasia that is chiefly a defect of speech; results from a lesion to Broca's area.
Term
Expressive aphasia
Definition
Disturbance of language in which there is a severe deficit in producing language
Term
Bitemporal hemianopia
Definition
Loss of vision in both temporal fields due to damage to the medial region of the optic chiasm
Term
Homonymous Hemianopia
Definition
Total loss of vision due to complete cuts of the optic tract, lateral geniculate body, or area 17.
Term
Quadrantanopia
Definition
Defective vision of blindness in one-fourth of the visual field
Term
Decussation
Definition
Crossing of pathways from one side of the brain to the other
Term
Double Dissociation
Definition
Experimental technique by which two areas of neocortex are functionally dissociated by two behavioral tests, each test being affected by a lesion in one zone and not the other.
Term
Homunculus
Definition
Representation of the human body in the sensory or motor cortex; any topographic representation of the body by a neural area
Term
Lateralization
Definition
Process by which functions become located primarily on one side of the brain
Term
Phoneme
Definition
Unit of sound that forms a word or part of a word
Term
Prosody
Definition
Variation in stress, pitch and rhythm of speech by which different shades of meaning are conveyed
Term
Two-Point Discrimination
Definition
Ability to discriminate two individual points on the skin. The two-point threshold is the minimum distance apart that two points must be placed to be perceived as two points rather than one point.
Term
Visuospatial disturbances
Definition
General effect on visual perception
visual neglect
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