Term
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Definition
| Deterioration of cognitive function |
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Term
| Dementia is a disease of this part of the brain |
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Definition
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Term
| What percentage of people over 60 are affected by dementia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 categories of dementia? Give examples |
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Definition
1. Dementia as a primary disease like Alzheimer's
2. Dementia associated w/ other neuropsychiatric disease like dementia w/ parkinsons, huntingtons, wilsons
3. Dementia associated w/ medial illness like thyroid disease |
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Term
| Why does dementia occur? What's the hallmark of degenerative dementia? |
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Definition
It's due to cell death in selective regions of the brain
The hallmark of dementia is accumulation of protein inclusions in neurons leading to apoptosis |
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Term
| What is the Common findings of Alzheimer disease |
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Definition
| Inability to form new memories and development of forgetfullness |
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Term
| List the clinical presentation of AD |
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Definition
1. Chronic deterioration of intellectual & cognitive functions
2. Loss of recent memory, awareness of the disease, visual spacial orientation, executive function |
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Term
| What's the pathophysiology of AD |
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Definition
| Amyoid plaque, neurofibrillary tanges and loss of neurons by apoptosis |
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Term
| Can you find Lewy bodies in AD? How about shrinkage of the brain |
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Definition
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Term
| What is amyloid protein made of? What is it a product of |
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Definition
| Abeta protein (39-42) and is a product of amyloid precursor protein (APP) |
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Term
| Where would you find the highest level of amyloid protein |
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Definition
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Term
| Is the expression of amyloid protein in AD patients the same as normal people |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of APP |
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Definition
| growth factor and cell adhesive molecule |
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Term
| Amyloid protein in AD from APP is due to? |
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Definition
| alpha and gamma secretases cleaving APP in the wrong place producing a precipitate protein instead of a soluble one |
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Term
| In what protein other than APP can produce abnormal amyloid plaque due to it acting abnormally |
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Definition
| Apo Protein E, it won't be able to hold the protein efficiently so the enzymes can cleave it |
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Term
| What's the make up of neurofibrillary tangles |
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Definition
| Aggregates of phosphorylated form of normal neuronal protein Tau |
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Term
A person w/ these has [image] |
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Definition
These are neurofibrillary tangles, the person most likely has AD |
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Term
| Which neurons in AD are loss that account for the learning and memory deficits |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 acetylcholinesterase inhibitors |
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Definition
Galantamine
donezpepil
Tacarine
Pyridostigmine |
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Term
| Parkinsonism refers to what kind of movement disorder |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| decrease control and slowness of voluntary movements due to the loss of dopamine in the striatum |
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Term
| Who does parkinson disease affect |
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Definition
| > 50 years of age and males |
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Term
| What are the classic clinical findings of Parkinson |
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Definition
T-R-A-P
Tremors
Rigidity
Akinesia/bradykinesa (essential symptom)
postural instability
2 of these for 6 months |
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Term
| What is the etiology of parkinson |
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Definition
Idiopathtic (~80%)
Infectious (viral encephalitis)
Toxins (Manganeses, CO, Methanol, MPTP)
Truama |
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Term
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Definition
| yes, if they're in the basal ganglia |
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Term
| What happens to the color of the substantia nigra in parkinsons |
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Definition
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Term
What's the defect here in PD [image] |
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Definition
The Glopus pallidus is uninhibited [image] |
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Term
| what's the marker for Parkinson disease in the brain |
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Definition
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Term
| Parkin gene produces what protein? If an abnormality occurs in the protein, what happens? |
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Definition
alpha synuclein
An abnormal alpha synuclein is responsible for the formation of Lewy bodies and fibrils in PD |
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Term
| What's the pathophysiology apoptosis of neuron disease |
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Definition
1. Over stimulation of excitatory AA on the neurons
2. Production of free radicals in brain tissue
3. Toxins in the neural envirnoment (MPTP) |
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Term
| What's Dementia w/ Diffuse Lewy Body disease? |
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Definition
| Lewy body dementia is marked by cognitive dysfunction and hallucinateions |
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Term
| What's the pathological marker for dementia w/ Diffuse lewy bodies? |
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Definition
| Presence of Lewy bodies and alpha synuclein fibrils |
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Term
| Why does demenita occur in huntingtons |
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Definition
| Because of cell death in selecitive regions of the brain |
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