Term
Balance and Equilibrium organs involved |
|
Definition
• Organs detect motion and aid in maintaining balance -Organs: • Utricle: horizontal • Saccule: vertical • Semicircular ducts: rotation • Three canals at right angles to each other • Ampulla contain receptors for equilibrium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
maintain posture relative to ground |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
movement of body (head) in response to sudden movements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Lightheaded
• Near-syncope • Implies a non-CNS related problem—many times hypoperfusion of the brain - Hypovolemic/dehydrated - Exacerbations with cardiac problems and carotid disease • Psychological (vasovagal), circulatory (orthostatic BP), arrythmia (SVT), hypoglycemia, unstable vasomotor • General weakness, palpitations, feeling like you will pass out, blurry or darkening vision, diaphoresis • The feeling you get your first time scrubbed into a case... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Due to malfunctioning sensory channels • Worse with walking or standing, but is relieved when the person sits or is supine • Feeling of being off balance; worse with crowds, stairs, ramps, escalators • Distorted proprioception, parkinsonian etiology, alcohol-related, impaired vestibular system, dementia, sedative meds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hallucination of movement • It looks like the room is spinning/moving • You feel that you are spinning/moving |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Hallucination of movement • Surroundings are spinning • Feel that you are falling forward/backward/sideways |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Damage or dysfunction to the brain: pons or cerebellum • Usually one constant long episode of vertigo |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Damage or dysfunction of labyrinth or CN VIII |
|
|
Term
Peripheral vertigo anatomic location, etiology, clinical presentation |
|
Definition
-anatomic location: • Labyrinth • Vestibular nerve -etiology: • BPPV (Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo) • Meniere’s • Vestibular neuritis • Labyrinthitis • Cholesteatoma -clinical presentation: • Horizontal nystagmus, away from affected side, fatigable • More sudden onset usually means peripheral |
|
|
Term
central vertigo anatomic location, etiology, clinical presentation |
|
Definition
-anatomic location: • Brainstem • Cerebellum -etiology: • Cerebellopontine tumor • Migraine • Cerebral vascular disease • MS • Acoustic neuroma • Seizures • Meningitis -clinical presentation: • Vertical nystagmus, nonfatigable • Gait problems • More gradual onset |
|
|
Term
normal hearing, episodic peripheral vertigo |
|
Definition
BPPV (Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo) |
|
|
Term
normal hearing, continuous peripheral vertigo |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
hearing loss, episodic peripheral vertigo |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
hearing loss, continuous peripheral vertigo |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo is what? cause? worsens w? treatment? |
|
Definition
• MCC of recurrent vertigo: 50– 60 year old female, minutes to hours • Cause : calcium carbonate otoliths getting stuck in semicircular canal • Worse with changes in head positioning; lasts seconds to minutes • Treatment : Epley maneuver • Antihistamines • Vibration to the back of ear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Stand to the side of the patient • Pt sitting with head turned to examiner • Pt sat so that when supine, the head will be beyond the end of the couch • Patient lain flat in one quick, smooth movement • Eyes must stay open • Repeat on other side • Positive test: – Rotatory (torsional) nystagmus (& vertigo): • Diseased ear downmost – 3 features of BPN: • Latency – delay of up to 20 seconds before onset of nystagmus • Fatigueability – nystagmus fades if head held in provoking position • Habituation – Repeating DH test produces less vigorous response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
[image] canalith repositioning, treatment for BPPV |
|
|
Term
Meniere’s Disease cause, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment |
|
Definition
• Idiopathic; distention of endolymph compartment of inner ear • Each episode lasts minutes/hours/days—many mini attacks • Tinnitus, ear fullness, hearing loss • Diagnosis : electrocochleography, audiometry • Treatment: symptomatic (meclizine), benzos - May need to perform decompression if severe - Avoid salt, chocolate, EtOH [image] |
|
|
Term
Vestibular Neuritis is what? caused by? symptoms? treatment? |
|
Definition
• Inflammationof vestibular area of CN VIII • UsuallyafterURI • Continuousdizziness, nausea and vomiting, gait changes, horizontal and rotary nystagmus • Treatment: corticosteroids, meclizine [image] |
|
|
Term
Labyrinthitis is what? causes? symptoms? treatment? |
|
Definition
• This is basically vestibular neuritis with hearing loss • Usually single episode lasting days to weeks, so classified as continuous (viral) • Associated with hearing loss • Treatment: • Lie horizontally, rest • Antiemetics, diazepam [image] |
|
|
Term
Acoustic (Vestibular) Neuroma is what? causes? symptoms? diagnose w? treatment? |
|
Definition
• Schwannoma of CN VIII—benign • Cause of central vertigo • Continuous, progressive vertigo, tinnitus • Unilateral sensorineural hearing loss is this until proven otherwise • Diagnosis with MRI • Treatment: surgery or radiation [image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Usually caused by vertebrobasilar insufficiency - Head turning and occluding a vertebral artery (when the other has calcification) - TIAs • Discoordination, focal weakness, diplopia, numbness, nystagmus • Normal hearing • No tinnitus [image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Seasickness • Abnormal head movements/positioning • While painting a ceiling • Carnival/roller coaster rides |
|
|
Term
Treatment of Nausea/Vomiting |
|
Definition
• Antihistamines • Ondansetron (Zofran) • Metoclopramide (Reglan) • Prochlorperazine (Compazine) • Promethazine (Phenergan) • Scopolamine patch |
|
|