Term
| noted by paradoxical movement; injury to its motor supply from the phrenic nerve; during expiration, the paralyzed dome falls in response to the positive pressure in the lungs |
|
Definition
| Paralysis of the Diaphragm |
|
|
Term
| entry of air into the pleural cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the accumulation of flruid in the plerual cavity that may be due to pleural effusion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity; usually due to injury of the intercostal vessels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| obstruction of a pulmonary artery by a thrombus (blood cot) due to fat globule, air from leg vein |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| usually results in chest pain that is due to certain inflammatory diseases that produce a pericardial effusion (fluid) in the pericardial sac; heart becomes compressed and somewhat ineffective; heart can no longer expand |
|
Definition
| pericardiocentesis (cardiac tamponade) |
|
|
Term
| immotile cilia syndrome; there is a deficiency of dynein, the ATPase necessary for ciliary movement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mast cells in the lamina propria release histamine and other vasoactive substances in response to allergens; cause the constriction of smooth muscle in bronchioles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| autosomal recessive disorder; genetic defect in chloride ion channel protein which results in abnormal transport of chloride ions in exocrine gland epithelium; results in decreased chloride ion secretion and increased sodium ions and water resorption |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antibodies made for type IV collagen; common in males with an average age of 29; can affect the basal laminae of the alveolar septae in the lungs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| characterized by a permanent dilation of the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchiole; caused by chronic obstruction of the airflow due to narrowing of the bronchioles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the lungs become congested with blood; erythrocytes are forced into the alveolar spaces from damaged capillaries |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| abnormal expression of the fibrillin gene; consequence is abnormal elastic tissue; causes dissecting aneurysm of the aorta |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| thickening of the tunica intima; plaques become vascularized by "vasa plaquorum" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| capillary basal laminae thickens abnormally; there is evidence of increase laminin and collagen type IV synthesis by endothelial cells |
|
Definition
| diabetes mellitus/microvascular disease |
|
|
Term
| blockage of portal drainage causes distension of the paraumbilical veins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| blood or urine fills scarpa's fascia with damage to the urethra |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this type of cancer travels to lumbar nodes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this type of cancer travels to superficial inguinal nodes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| accumulation of fluid around the testis; caused by fluid secreted by tunica vaginalis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| abnormal enlargement of the vein in the scrotum that drains the testicles; low sperm count, not cooled effectively and patient complains of "feeling like a bag of worms" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common type of hernia; leave the abdominal cavity lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels, through the deep inguinal ring; they are prone to strangulation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| less common hernias; protrude through an area of weakness in the posterior wall of the inguinal canal medial to the inferior epigastric vessels; less prone to strangulation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hernia which passes into the femoral canal into the medial aspect of the thigh; appears below the inguinal ligament |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| has three major phases: fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| accumulation of fat within liver cells; liver can attain three times the normal weight; centrilobular hepatocytes are first affected |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| inflammatory, necrotizing disease which elicits a neutrophilic inflammatory response and necrosis of hepatocytes in the central zone (Zone 3, around the central vein); presents a significant mortality |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| scarring of the liver which can lead to portal hypertension and/or liver failure; fibrous septa form around hepatocellular nodules |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| heart failure which causes liver damage; no noticeable changes in zones 1 and 2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pain can be referred to right shoulder; can cause obstructive jaundice but can remain asymptomatic; can cause severe epigastric or right upper quadrant pain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cholesterol stones; during reproductive years, women are 3 times more likely to develop cholesterol gallstones than men |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| almost always associated with bacterial cholangitis; related to increased concentration of unconjugated bilirubin in bile |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an incompetent esophageal valve allows acid to rise into the esophagus; in chronic cases, the lining of the esophagus can change or become eroded |
|
Definition
| Gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD) |
|
|
Term
| a metaplastic change of the esophageal epithelium from stratified squamous to simple columnar epithelium; majority of people are smokers and drinkers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dilation of the esophageal veins due to portal hypertension; prone to hemorrhage and are a common cause of death in persons with portal hypertension; usually a sign of alcoholism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| loss of myenteric neurons in lower esophagus; the lower esophageal sphincter is paralyzed in the constricted state |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| associated with severe back pain; cancer of the head of the pancreas can often compress the bile duct or the hepatopancreatic ampulla (ampulla of Vater); large gallstone can also cause this |
|
Definition
| obstructive jaundice due to pancreatic carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| trauma to the ribs can cause this, therefore causing profuse internal bleeding |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| also known as congenital aganglionic megacolon; a failure of neural crest cells to migrate into the distal colon |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fundus of the stomach herniates into the posterior mediastinum; causes symptoms of acid reflux; typically occurs with age |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pain referred between T11 and L2; these often pass into ureters and may lodge in the ureter causing spasms of the ureteric muscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a localized dilation (ballooning) of the abdominal aorta exceeding the normal diameter by more than 50 percent, and is the most common form of aortic aneurysm; about 90 percent of these occur below the kidneys |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| low RBC count, low hemoglobin; lack of intrinsic factor due to such conditions as atrophic gastritis that can lead to pernicious anemia; can also lead to central nervous system degeneration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| has two mechanisms of glomerular injury: immune and non-immune; a primary cause of renal disease is glomerular injury |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| result of overproduction of ACE; associated with normal 24 hour renin and aldosterone levels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hypertrophy blocks urethra; nocturia most common symptom; painful urination; affects men in their 50's and older |
|
Definition
| benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) |
|
|
Term
| 70% of these involve the peripheral zone; main treatment is a radical prostectomy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| uses a water soluble radiopaque dye to visualize uterus and uterine tubes; dye fills tubes and enters the peritoneal cavities through the abdominal os |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| allows access to the rectouterine pouch via the posterior fornix of the vagina |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| neck of the bladder slips through the pelvic diaphragm, moving it below the effects of intraabdominal pressure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| can be very painful; inflammation in anal canal can lead to a fistula between the anal canal and the iscioanal fossa; can spread to the anterior recess and posteriorly through the deep postanal space to the opposite side |
|
Definition
| abcess in the ischioanal fossa |
|
|
Term
| believed to be caused by compression of the pudendal nerve in alcock's canal; complain of numbness, some complain of impotence |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| important during childbirth, physician uses the ischial spine to locate the region for blockage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| varicosities of the internal or external rectal plexuses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dietary deficiencies, infections, steroids and elevated testicular temperature can affect this |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| increase in the size of the prostate |
|
Definition
| benign prostatic hyperplasia |
|
|
Term
| prostate cancer spreads to the vertebral column via Batson's plexus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most tried and true method for prostate cancer; full removal of the prostate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| any disorder or behavior that impedes blood flow will cause this; low serum testosterone also has an effect |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| may occur in the uterine tube; typically oocytes that fail to enter the uterine tube degenerate in the peritoneal cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common female malignancy in the US |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| epiphyseal plates do not close and therefore, long bones grow in children |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| excessive secretion of HGH; adult condition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| might result from head trauma that shears the hypophyseal stalk |
|
Definition
| central diabetes insipidus |
|
|
Term
| might result from gene mutation or a defective ADH receptor and AQP-2 |
|
Definition
| nephrogenic diabetes insipidus |
|
|
Term
| enlargement of the thyroid gland as a result of hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| autoimmune disease; antibodies to thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| autoimmune disease; hyperthyroidism; symptoms include nervousness, weakness, weight loss and heat intolerance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| characterizes adult onset hypothyroidism; accumulation of proteoglycans and fluid in the dermis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| overproduction of ACTH by basophilic adenoma of the pituitary stimulates oversecretion by adrenal cortex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| major cause is chronic administration of corticosteroids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| believed to be an autoimmune destruction of islets; circulating antibodies to beta cells |
|
Definition
|
|
