Term
| what would be seen in right side heart (pulmonic circulation) problems? |
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Definition
| blood backs up into the body (caudal vena cava, filling abdomen with fluid (ascites) and into the jugular vein, resulting in a jugular pulse or distention in some species) |
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Term
| what would be seen with problems to the left side of the heart? |
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Definition
| blood backs up into the lungs (congestion), resulting in coughing and dyspnea (difficulty breathing) |
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Term
| what is the cranial part of the heart silhouette in a lateral radiograph? |
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Definition
| right ventricle (passes from right to left around cranial side of the heart) |
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Term
| where is the intercostal space incised to open the thorax and why? |
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Definition
| in the center to avoid the vessels caudal to the ribs |
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Term
| what vessels are of concern in midsternal thoracotomies? |
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Definition
| internal thoracic artery and vein |
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Term
| how is the intestine cut when doing a resection and anastomoses? |
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Definition
| "angle cuts toward lesion" (antimesenteric > mesenteric side of removed piece) |
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Term
| what is the surgical opening of the stomach and where should it be performed? why? |
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Definition
| gastrotomy, between the 2 curvatures because of minimal blood vessels |
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Term
| what vessel in the roof of the mouth can be opened when extracting teeth? |
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Definition
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Term
| why can't a tourniquet be effectively used in the middle of the antebrachium? |
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Definition
| caudal interosseus artery is protected from occlusion by its deep position between the bones |
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Term
| what vessel is used as a landmark to find the adrenal gland? |
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Definition
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Term
| what veins are commonly used to bleed cattle? |
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Definition
median caudal vein (tail vein)
jugular vein |
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Term
| to where do neoplastic cells metastasize in the lymph channels? |
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Definition
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Term
| to where do hematogenous metastases from the abdominal GI organs go? |
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Definition
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Term
| to where do neoplastic cells metastasize via lympathics or all veins except those forming the portal vein? |
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Definition
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Term
| where is the heart located in relationship to the intercostal spaces? |
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Definition
| between 2(3) - 5 (6) intercostal space |
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Term
| how does the olecranon and the intercostal spaces relate when standing? |
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Definition
| olecranon roughly at 5th intercostal space or 5th rib |
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Term
| what is a memory aid for the heart valves' points of maximum intensity? |
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Definition
| PAM 345, rt. AV: low 5th rt. |
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