Term
True or False:
Enzymes are found in All body tissues |
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Definition
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Term
| Many enzymes are present in ___ from normal cellular turnover |
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Definition
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Term
| Enzymes are ____ ____ and _____, not altered or consumed during the reaction |
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Definition
Biologic proteins
Catalysts |
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Term
| _____ amounts of Enzyme are released following cellular damage |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Substrate Concentration is what order kinetics? |
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Definition
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Term
| First Order Kinetics is directly proportional to what? |
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Definition
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Term
| In First Order Kinetics, what is provided in excess? |
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Definition
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Term
| At some point in First Order Kinetics, substrate will be consumed and ____ ____ is reached |
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Definition
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Term
| Michaelis-Menton Constant (Km) |
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Definition
| Mathematical expression of the relationship between velocity and substrate |
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Term
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Definition
| Substrate concentration at which the enzyme yields half the possible maximum velocity |
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Term
| Which two types of plots provide visualization of first order kinetics? |
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Definition
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Term
| Enzyme Concentration is what order Kinetics? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is in excess during Zero Order Kinetics? |
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
With Zero Order Kinetics, the Reaction rate depends on enzyme concentration |
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Definition
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Term
| With Zero Order Kinetics what is supplied by the patient? |
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Definition
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Term
| With Zero Order Kinetics what is supplied by manufactured reagent? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is it called Zero Order Kinetics? |
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Definition
| When the rate of velocity no longer increase, velocity rates level off, signalling "zero" amount of increase in rate |
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Term
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Definition
| Extremes will denature or change ionic state of enzymes |
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Term
| Most enzymes function at what pH? |
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Definition
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Term
| pH is controlled in labs by what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Increasing the temperature increases the ____ ____ to a point |
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Definition
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Term
| For every ___ degree rise, the rate doubles until the enzyme is denatured |
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Definition
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Term
| At what temperature will the enzyme usually denature? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most assays are run at what temperatures? |
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Definition
| 25, 30, 37 degrees Celsius |
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Term
True or False:
Avoid repeated freeze-thaw |
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Definition
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Term
| If testing is delayed what should you do with the sample to preserve the enzyme levels? |
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
It takes a few minutes for ALL enzymes to combine with substrate |
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Definition
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Term
| The reaction time is what phase of the reaction? |
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Definition
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Term
| About ______ or more minutes into testing, the reaction rate begins to diminish |
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Definition
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Term
| Measurements should be taken during what phase of the reaction? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Nonprotein molecules that may be necessary for proper enzyme function |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Name 3 Cofactor Activators |
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Definition
Calcium
Magnesium
Other Metallic ions |
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Term
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Definition
Organic Molecules
Often provided in the testing reagent |
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Term
| Name 2 Cofactor Coenzymes |
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Definition
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Term
What is the following an example of?
Creatine + ATP --(CK / Mg)--> Creatine Phosphate + ADP |
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Definition
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Term
What is the following an example of?
Pyruvate + NADH --(LD)--> Lactate + NAD |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 7 Factors that influence Enzyme Reactions? |
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Definition
Substrate Concentration
Enzyme Concentration
pH
Temperature
Reaction Time
Cofactors
Inhibitors |
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Term
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Definition
| Bind to the active site of an enzyme |
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Term
| What do you add to overcome Competitive Inhibitors? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is Competitive Inhibitors possible to anticipate? |
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Definition
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Term
| Noncompetitive Inhibitors |
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Definition
Bind to enzyme at a place other than the active site
Causes structural changes to the enzyme |
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Term
True or False:
Adding more substrate may not help with noncompetitive inhibitors |
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
The results of Noncompetitive inhibitors may be irreversible |
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Definition
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Term
| Assays measure enzyme _____ which is a reflection of concentration |
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Definition
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Term
| What can be used to measure enzyme activity? |
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Definition
Increase in product
Decrease in substrate
Decrease in coenzyme
Increase of an altered coenzyme |
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Term
| In what Order are Measurements of Enzyme Activity always performed? |
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Definition
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Term
| What must be in excess when measuring enzyme activity? |
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Definition
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Term
| Fixed-Time Method (End Point) |
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Definition
| The reaction proceeds for a designated time and is then stopped |
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Term
| The velocity of a Fixed-Time Method is assumed to be what? |
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Definition
| Linear and proportional to enzyme concentration |
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Term
| Continuous-Monitoring Method (Kinetic Analysis) |
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Definition
| Multiple measurements of absorbance are made every 30-60 seconds OR continuously |
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Term
True or False:
Continuous-Monitoring Method - Linearity may be more adequately verified |
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Definition
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Term
| A sudden _____ in the reaction rate can be readily observed in the Continuous-Monitoring Method |
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Definition
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Term
| If a change in Absorption is not constant, then an ____ _____ is present |
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Definition
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Term
| If the change in Absorption is not constant it may result from what? |
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Definition
| high levels of patient enzymes rapidly depleting the substrate |
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Term
| What should you do if the change is absorption is not constant? |
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Definition
| Dilute patient sample and re-run |
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Term
| International Unit (U or IU) |
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Definition
| The amount of enzyme that will catalyze the reaction of 1 micromole of substrate per minute under specified conditions of temperature, pH, substrates, and activators |
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Term
| The International Unit is in what concentration? |
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Definition
| Units per Liter (U/L or IU/L) |
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Term
| If an enzyme assay is 150 IU/L at 25C, what will be the product concentration if the assay is run at 35C? |
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Definition
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