Term
| describe the pupillary light reflex and what structures it involves? |
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Definition
| shining a light in the eye, noting if the pupil constricts in that eye and then the other eye; checks both cranial nerves 2 and 3 |
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Term
| describe the signs of facial nerve damage |
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Definition
| paralysis of the muscles of facial expression resulting in a distorted face, paralysis of the orbicularis oculi muscle and if proximal enough, the ANS fibers to the lacrimal gland, thus can result in a dry eye (rare but bad) |
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Term
| what is dysfunction of the sympathetic fibers to the eye? |
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Definition
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Term
| list the 4 cardinal signs of horner's syndrome |
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Definition
miosis (small pupil)
enopthalmos (small eyes)
ptosis (drooping eyelid)
protrusion of 3rd eyelid (nictitating membrane) |
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Term
| What results in swelling or draining (pus) below the carnivore's eye? |
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Definition
| carnassial tooth abscess (upper P4) |
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Term
| how is aging dog by their teeth used practically? |
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Definition
| baby teeth in by 6 weeks: vaccination time |
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Term
| which dog teeth have 3 roots? |
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Definition
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Term
| which cat permanent tooth has 3 roots? |
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Definition
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Term
| how is a nasogastric tube placed? |
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Definition
| thru the nostril and the ventral nasal meatus or it will break the ethmoid turbinates, resulting in epistaxis (nasal bleeding) |
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Term
| a laryngotomy to open the larynx goes thru which paired muscles to expose the larynx? |
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Definition
| sternohyoid muscles, middle strap muscle |
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Term
| the esophagus is accessible to surgery in the _______ half of the neck region on the _______ side |
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Definition
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Term
| what surgical landmark indicates the ventral midline of the larynx? |
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Definition
| cricothyroideus or bow tie muscle |
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Term
| paralysis of what muscle results in "roarers" in horses? i swear, if you get this wrong... |
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Definition
| cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle |
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Term
| how is a tranquilized dog intubated? |
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Definition
| gently pull the tongue rostrally, push the soft palate up with the endotracheal tube, hold the epiglottis down with the tube, direct the tube between the vocal folds into the trachea |
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Term
| what causes laryngeal paralysis (dogs and horses) ? |
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Definition
| damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve resulting in paralysis of the cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle, the only muscle to open the glottic cleft, producing a roaring sound when breathing |
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Term
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Definition
| dog or horse with laryngeal paralysis due to recurrent laryngeal nerve damage and resulting paralysis of the cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle |
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