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| Has content appropriate for what is being measured. |
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| correlates with other techniques that measure same thing |
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| does not correlate with techniques that measure something else. |
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| Yields consistent, repeatable results. |
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| yields similar results across multiple administrations at different time points. |
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| yields similar results across different administrators |
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| Consists of items that are consistent with one another |
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| improves delivery of services or client outcome |
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| General Skills for interviewer. |
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Quieting yourself.
Self awareness (perception: age, gender, style of dress, tone of voice) |
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| Eye contact, body language, vocal qualities, verbal tracking, names. |
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| restlessness, facial expressions, emotional subjects, crying |
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| Pitch, tone, volume, fluctuation |
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| Parroting back keywords, phrases, summarizing main points |
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| What do you call them, what do you have them call you? |
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| dyad,comfortable relationship between interviewer and client. |
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| relationship between a mental health therapist (e.g., a psychiatrist, psychologist, mental health counselor, social worker) and a client. |
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| why is therapeutic alliance important? |
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| There is evidence that a strong therapeutic alliance predicts better outcomes in therapy. A strong therapeutic alliance is evident when the client feels comfortable with the therapist, has a sense of common goals or purpose with the therapist, and feels a sense of safety and trust in the therapy process |
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What an interviewer does with clients. Tools in the interviewer’s toolbox, including questions, responses, and other specific action
Areas of competency in DBT, CBT, PMR, Motivational Interviewing
Knowing when to push, knowing when to back off.
How do you reinforce appropriate behavior. |
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| get exactly the information they need by asking clients specifically for it. |
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| Pointing out very specifically where mistakes are being made and how to change them. |
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| allows client to determine the course of the interview and therapy. |
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| Questions that influence longer answers |
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| specific questions pertaining to short answers. |
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| Who can ask clarifying questions |
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| Mostly clients but theapists can ask. |
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| used with therapist notices discrepancies or inconsistencies in a clients comments. |
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| heavily used in humanistic therapy. Useful at times in CBT. |
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| Paring behaviors with emotional states |
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| tying together multiple statements and areas. Often used at key points in the session and at the end of session. |
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| Pragmatics of an interviewer |
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| note taking, audio and video recording, room, make sure discussion only acceble to you and client |
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| Do you take notes in session? If so how much do you write? |
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| Audio and video recording |
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| Requires written consent. When/where is this used? |
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| The first appointment with a therapist. During the intake interview, the therapist will ask numerous questions in order to understand the factors that may affect the client’s presenting problem. |
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| Often based on diagnostic and statistical manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). |
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| Most Diagnostic interviews include |
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| SM related structured interview, test of cognitive ability (Mini-Mental Status) and personality measure (MMPI/PAI). |
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| Example of outake interview |
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produce diagnosis based on DSM Criteria,
Highly reliable
Standardized and uncomplicated in terms of administration |
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Rigid form, which can inhibit rapport and clients ability to elaborate
Typically don’t allow for inquires
More comprehensive list of questions than may be clinically needed. |
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| When assest for suicidality? |
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| Not a full assesment. Not first question to ask. Or end. Suggested ask half way through |
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| Questions for assesment of suicide: |
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1. ask if have thoughts.
2. how recent? (if in past 3 months) recent.
3. how long does it last.
4. do you have a plan? |
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Previous attempts/family history- have you ever attempted suicide. If yes, no matter what you say, it's a moderate level. Other risk factors. Traumatic events. Ethnicity. (caucasian and native americans) . 18-25 big risk factor. Why? Psychiatric drugs addicting. SRIs boom. Problem: antidepressants mix with alchol. Major problems. Increase risk of suicide. Commonly it's low/moderatly. If they need it, do a cope cord.
Plan/methods
Access to methods
Likelihood they will use the methods in near future. |
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| list all the things they want to accomplish. Protective factors. Reasons why they wouldn't want to do it. Safety plan. Decrease risk factors. What if they're in imment danger? Suggest it first. If grad student, get advisor opinion. Call the cops to get transported. How long hold 72 hours. |
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| evidence based assesments |
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| assessments with strong psychometric properties (e.g., reliability and validity)- strong psychometric properties. |
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| interpreting the results of an assessment within the context of the individuals culture |
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| Lack of cultural competency can lead to |
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| overpathologizing (i.e., viewing something as abnormal that it normal within the culture). Higher rates of psychological issues than what's actually there. |
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| test items, offers clients a restricted range of answers and scored in an objective manor. Can be restricted. |
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| Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2 |
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(gold standard for object personality): (go to diff populations known clients of schiz and depression. If large portion answered same thing, nothing to do with objective personality. Can keep from faking symptoms.)
Most popular and psychometrically sound
Created using empirical criterion keying. What is that? |
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Definition
Hypochondriasis
depression
hysteria
psychopathic deviate
masculinity/feminity
paranoia
Psychasthenia
Schizophrenia
mania
Social Introversion |
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| somatic problems etc. physiological problems. Paralyzis. Blood pressure, headaches. |
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| Vague medical reactions to stress. Eye twitching. Rashes. |
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| Antisocial. Fights, hurting people, emotional regulation. Boarderline-guess might be elevated. Might have BBP. How to see eleveated? Standarized scores. If above 70, that's above clinical. 90, worse of worse, faking. |
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| rejection of traditional roles. |
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| suspicious, guarded- why useful? Schiz. If something psychotic, look at this measure. |
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| Anxious, worrisome, obsessive |
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| psychotic, disorganized thoughts |
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| Lying faking good-always think of best of others. If concisently, faking good. |
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| defensiveness also suggests faking good- trying to be better than what you are. |
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| _infrequency___________, suggests faking bad. Over induce symptoms. Tests isn't valid. Can tell you what motivations are. |
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| Million Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III (MCMI-III |
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| Similar to MMPI-2. Has additional clinical scales to that of the MMPI-2 (e.g., personality disorder scales) (professor hasn't heard of, adds more personality order scales “what does add in addition MMPI”. |
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| NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO-PI-R |
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| : Assess personality based on the 5 Factor Model (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness) with the addition of 30 “facet” scores for more specific descriptions . “name 5 main domains of neo.” |
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| California Psychological Inventory-III (CPI-III) |
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| Similar to the rest but also emphasize positive psychology factors (e.g., healthy factors). Healthy relationships. Edu level. Ability to cope with stressful events |
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| Beck depression inventory -II (BDI-II) |
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| : More targeted. Assesses depression without the rest of the clinical scales. Specialized assesment. Y boxes. OCD. STAI. Much easier to make diagnostic on beck. |
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location
determinants
form quality
popular
content |
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| what caused response color, form |
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| conventional response or unique |
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| response similar to standard answers? |
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| objects/themes appear frequently |
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| People will “project” personality if |
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| presented with unstructured, ambiguous objects and an unrestricted opportunity to respond. (psychoanalysits and psychodynamic uses these.) why uses? Notifying scale. No evidence that you see this for why you see it. Is it valid? We don't know. Why would you want to use it? Not restricted. Useful if you see themes: death. Gore. Sexual self. |
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| Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) |
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| Similar to Rorschach but features interpersonal scenes rather than inkblots. Client conveys story. |
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| sentence Completion Tests: |
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| Fill in the blanks, “I enjoy _________” Example Rotter Incomplete Sentences Blank (RISB). |
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| Behaviors are not signs of |
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Definition
| underlying issues or problems, instead those behaviors are the problems. Also argues that personality is not stable and behaviors change depending on context/environmental factors. (more reliable and more valid.) funcational- manipulate situation and want variables are affecting. What's motivation, behavior, under what context it's happenin. Why context important? External factors. Behavior likely to change. Can do with children with autism.) |
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| identify, operationally define the problem. Observe the frequency in a natural environment, implement a treatment, observe to see if behavior changes. |
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| involves the application of mental health knowledge and expertise to the assessment and treatment of individuals who, in some way, are involved in the legal process or legal system. |
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| Common Areas of Involvement for FP |
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| asssesments and expert witness |
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| what does assessments in FP involve in? |
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Definition
Predict dangerousness
Sanity
Competency to stand trial
Child custody evaluations |
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| not based on pure evidence |
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| basis is backed by evidence |
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| likelihood that the individual will behave violently or dangerously again in the future. |
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| Factors typically associated with dangerousness |
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| younger, weapon, age, social support, psychological symptoms |
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| incidents of something; make predictions of crime in future |
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| Psychologists are attempting |
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| to accurately predict who will be a danger to society in the future |
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| Predict violent, turns out to be true |
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| is a legal term not a psychological concept |
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| American Law Institute standard |
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| A person is not responsible for criminal conduct if at the time of such conduct, as a result of mental disease or defect, he lacks substantial capacity to appreciate the criminality (wrongfulness) of his conduct or to conform his conduct to the requirements of the law |
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| Common misperception insanity def: |
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Definition
It is routinely used
Fact: occur in 1/200 criminal cases and successful in 2/1000 |
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Child custody evaluations
Joint and sole custody arrangements
Guidelines for evaluation published by APA and Association of Family and Conciliation Courts
Time-consuming to do, challenging, and often adversarial |
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| if able to take care for child |
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| joint and sole custody arrangements |
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| the test must be whether he has sufficient present ability to consult with his attorney with a reasonable degree of rational understanding and whether he has the rational as well as factual understanding of the proceedings against him |
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| Competence to Stand Trial |
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Can the person appreciate the charges against him or her?
Can the person cooperate with counsel?
Can the person understand the proceedings of the court?
Must be competent both during trial and sentencing. |
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| currently between 2% and 8% |
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| of all felony defendants undergo competency evaluations. |
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| Can a mentally ill defendant be forced to take medication to be made competent to stand trial? |
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| someone with scientific, technical or other specialized knowledge who may testify in the form of an opinion or otherwise if certain requirements are met |
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| rule of evidence regarding the admissibility of expert witnesses' testimony during United States federal legal proceedings |
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| Preemployment evaluations |
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Definition
| asses view of candidate has cog problems |
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| fitness for duty evalutaions |
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Definition
| request by cops; distress disorder |
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| Ethical / Cultural Issues |
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Language barrier
Culturally specific definitions of sanity and insanity
Cultural limitations of psychological tests
Lack of familiarity with the U.S. judicial system |
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