Term
|
Definition
Use refractometer to measure
spin a hematocrit tube --> break --> put on refractometer |
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Term
| Interferents of pTP - Cause false increases |
|
Definition
Lipemia -if animal ate just before
Cholesterol
Glucose, Urea, other solutes
|
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Term
|
Definition
Values can be high (>2g/dL) w/o knowing interferents
Confirm with a Chemistry total Protein Value of Serum --> Serum chem is more reliable |
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Term
|
Definition
| Measure via BCG dye binding --> Human dyes are DIFFERENT! |
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Term
|
Definition
| Either Abumin or Globulin |
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Term
|
Definition
not measured specifically
use TP- Albumin = globuin |
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Term
|
Definition
| Contains Fibrinogen and clotting factors |
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Term
|
Definition
| NO fibrinogen or clotting factors |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| produce albumin and most globulin |
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|
Term
| Lymphocytes and Plasma Cells |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
abnormal [ ] or presence of abnormal proteins
Selective - only some proteins affected
Non-selective all proteins affected simillary (Blood Loss - all lost simillary) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Common cause of Dysproteniemia |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Increase in concentration during inflammation |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Decrease in concentration during inflammation |
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|
Term
| Delayed response proteins |
|
Definition
| respond later in inflammation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Produced by Hepatocytes in LIVER
Cleaved by Thrombin to form Fibrin
Increases w/ inflammation if prduction >consumption
Used a lot in Large Animals as indicator of inflammation |
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Term
|
Definition
Fibrinogen
haptoglobin, Serum Amyloid A, C-reactive protein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
can measure w/ 2 hematocrit tubes --> measure one pTP
Heat the other at 56 deg --> Spin --> Fibriongen will precipitate. Then measure pTP again with the clear top stuff to see protein [ ] w/o fibrinogen |
|
|
Term
| Serum Protein Electrophoresis |
|
Definition
Run Serum across a gel. Albumin migrates the most (b/c -) and measure amount by intensity of band correlates to peaks)
Only a couple proteins are important
+APP -
NO FIBRINOGEN because using serum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
INCREASED [TP}
Causes:
Hemoconcentration
Increased protein Synth
BOTH can cause HyperGLOBULINEMIA
ONLY Hemoconcentration can cause HyperALBUMINEMIA |
|
|
Term
| Causes of Increased Protein production (Hyperprot) |
|
Definition
1. Inflammatory Dz
-Infectious - bacteria, viral
- Non-infectious = necrosis, neoplasia, immune
2. B-Lymphocyte Neoplasia
-Plasma Cell : PC myeloma, Plamsacytoma
-Lymphocytes : Lymphoma, Leukemia |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| ONLY thing that can cause a HyperALbuminemia w/ Hyperproteinemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Delayed Response inflammation |
|
Definition
| Ig's (esp IgG) +/- Acute Phase proteins |
|
|
Term
| Inflammatory Dysproteinemia |
|
Definition
Increased Alpha 2 globulins
Delayed - IgGs
Decreased Albumin |
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of INFLAMMATIOn |
|
Definition
Infection --> Cytokines from M-phages/Lymphocytes --> Stimulate Liver to produce more PAPP's (alpha-@ globulins) and decrease Albumin
The cytokines also stimulate the plasma cells to produce Immunoglobulins --> will cause Increase of GAMMA globulins |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Gt increase in all Immunoglobulins and see a big smear on the electrophoresis
seen with Chronic INFLAMMATION |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Usually from NEOPLASIA of just one type of Immunoglobulin. See tight bright area not a wide smear
Ehrlichiosis also can cause same increase in protein Synth. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Loosing Proteins
Decreased Synthesis
Failure of Passive Transfer - Globulins reduced
Hemodilution - Nonselective |
|
|
Term
| Hypoproteinemia - Loss from Vasculature cCauses |
|
Definition
Blood Loss - Non selective (all proteins lost the same)
Protein Losing Nephropathy -Albumin loss predominates
Protein Losing enteropathy - nonselective or mostly albumin
Protein losing derma
Plasma Loss - Vasculitis, effusions |
|
|
Term
| Hypoproteinemia - Decreased Protein Synth causes |
|
Definition
Liver issue - b/c where most are produced - mostly albumin affected
Malabsorption/Digestion
Cachetic states |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ONLY ONE THING THAT CAUSES =
Hemoconcentration
- dehydration
Glucocorticoids may increase albumin some |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Producing less by liver
Increased Albumin Loss
HemoDilution
** remember young animals have lower Albumin that adults. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
See with
Inflammation (Fibrinogen increase > total protein increase
Hemoconcentration (both Fibriongen and total protein increase the same) |
|
|
Term
| 2 causes of Hyperfibriongenemia |
|
Definition
Inflammation
Hemoconcentration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Infection --> Inc Inflammatory Cytokines --> Increases Immunoglobuin production and PAPPS Production --> Increase in [Globuin], [Fibriongen] in blood (Hyperproteinemia) |
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