Term
| Which thinker suggested that children are innately good? |
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Definition
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Term
| According to Freud, ego ... |
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Definition
| provides rational ways of coping with frustration |
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Term
| Freud called his theory of child development ... |
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Definition
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Term
| Erik Erikson called a period of serious questioning and soul-searching .... |
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Definition
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Term
| Johnny has been wetting the bed. A special pad is placed under him while he is sleeping. If the pad becomes wet, a circuit closes, causing a bell to ring. Johnny wakes up, and finishes his urination by going to the bathroom. Over time, Johnny stops wetting the bed altogether. This is an example of the application of what theory to treating bed-wetting? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| social cognitive theorist |
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Term
Which of the following would be consistent with social cognitive theory?
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Definition
| Identification occurs as children imitate the behavior patterns of others. |
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Term
| Which of the following theorists would be most interested in how children perceive and mentally represent the world? |
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Definition
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Term
| Ethology is an example of .... |
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Definition
| a biologically-oriented theory of development |
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Term
| Cross-cultural studies examine the effects of .... |
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Definition
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Term
| Dr. Manquero has the hypothesis that ingesting chocolate prior to an exam will improve exam performance. She gives half of her participants' chocolate and the other half gum, and then gives them an exam. In this experiment, what is the experimental group? |
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Definition
| The group that eats chocolate |
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Term
| An experiment seeks to determine the influence of ... |
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Definition
| independent variable on the dependent variable. |
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Term
| In an experiment, subjects given various amounts of alcohol drive a course marked by orange pylons. The independent variable in this experiment is the ... |
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Definition
| various amounts of alcohol consumed |
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Term
| The repetition of an experiment by another experimenter at another time and place is called ... |
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Definition
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Term
| The first two weeks of prenatal development is called the ... |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following represents cephalocaudal development? |
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Definition
| the fact that we tend to develop from the head down |
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Term
The amniotic sac ....
- helps the developing fetus maintain an even temperature
- provides nutrients to the developing fetus
- filters germs and drugs away from the developing fetus
- is present during only the first two trimesters of pregnancy
- None of these is accurate |
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Definition
| helps the developing fetus maintain an even temperature |
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Term
| Environmental agents that can harm the embryo or fetus are called.... |
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Definition
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Term
HIV CAN be transmitted by ...
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Definition
- sexual relations
- blood transfusions
- breast-feeding
- shared needles |
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Term
| What feature is associated with fetal alcohol syndrome? |
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Definition
| Smaller-than-average brain |
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Term
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Definition
| are transmitted by combinations of pairs of genes |
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Term
| Scientists took genetic material from one sheep to clone Dolly, making her genetically identical to the other sheep from which she was cloned. Cloning uses the process of .... |
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Definition
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Term
| If you change a baby's position and its reaction is to arch its back, fling its arms and legs out, and then bring them back toward the chest, what reflex has occurred? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is visual tracking in the neonate ? |
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Definition
| certain forms of tracking may develop before others |
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Term
Newborns show preference for sounds ...
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Definition
| that match the rhythm of speech |
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Term
| In comparison to adults, infants taste.... |
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Definition
infants show a preference for sweet tastes
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Term
| If a toddler has to go down a steep slope while walking... |
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Definition
He will usually stop and crawl down the slope
Attesting to emergent depth perception, toddlers will crawl down the "dangerous" slope. |
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Term
| When are the greatest gains in visual acuity? |
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Definition
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Term
| Once motor development has been deprived ... |
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Definition
| the damaged can be impoved by intervention |
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Term
| Improvement in memory probably indicates ... |
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Definition
| increased experiences with the environment |
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Term
| According to Piaget, what are the stages of cognitive development? |
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Definition
| sensorimotor, preoperational, formal operational, concrete operational |
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Term
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Definition
| cognitive developments are stage-based and universal |
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Term
| An abstract, generalized account of repeated events is called .... |
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Definition
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Term
| Memory for events that happened in one's life is called... |
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Definition
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Term
| With cognitive scaffolding... |
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Definition
| the guidance provided is decreased as the child becomes more skilled |
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Term
| How questions are worded may influence whether the child can answer correctly. This is an example of.... |
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Definition
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Term
| According to Piaget, a preoperational child would assume... |
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Definition
| that taller glasses hold more than short glasses |
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Term
| When does "pretend play" usually appear? |
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Definition
| Sometime early in the second year. |
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Term
| A key component of information processing views of cognitive development includes ... |
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Definition
| selective attention processes |
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Term
Jimmy looks at his homework and decides he had better do math first because it always takes him longest. Jimmy is....
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Definition
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Term
| Mean length of utterance refers to ... |
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Definition
| the average number of morphemes a child uses in a sentence |
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Term
| A child learns to call a dog "bow-wow" and now calls all animals he sees "bow-wow". This is an example of ... |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following words is most likely to be found in early infant speech? |
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Definition
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Term
| When is the infant's first word typically spoken? |
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Definition
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Term
| Vocalizations that do NOT represent objects or events are called ... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| which words make sense together in a sentence |
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Term
| Language development is .... |
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Definition
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Term
| Which theorist developed intelligence testing methods at the turn of the twentieth century? |
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Definition
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Term
| If intelligence is capacity, then achievement is .... |
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Definition
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Term
What are the three aspects of intelligence according to Sternberg's theory?
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Definition
| analytical, practical and creative |
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Term
| When using the Binet-Simon scale, what is meant by "Mental Age"? |
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Definition
| the intellectual level at which the child is functioning |
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Term
| Mothers of securely attached infants .... |
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Definition
| are in-tune with their babies and are predictable caregivers |
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Term
| Which parent generally provides more opportunities for attachment bonding? |
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Definition
| Mothers, because they provide significantly more basic care. |
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Term
| Barney is a 4-month old infant who appears withdrawn, depressed, and is losing all interest in the world. |
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Definition
| Barney may be a victim of social deprivation |
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Term
| A child observes another child acting unafraid in the presence of a stranger. The observing child, likewise, stops acting afraid of the stranger. This is an example of .... |
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Definition
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Term
"An individual's distinctive ways of responding to people and events" is called:
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Definition
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Term
| What characterizes toddler play? |
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Definition
| They may imitate each other, but often do not interact. |
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Term
| Why might boys and girls show gender-stereotyped toy and actively preferences? |
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Definition
- there are possible biological factors
- parents may encourage this through toy purchases and actions
- these differences are role-modeled through television and other media
- other children may encourage them |
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Term
| Prosocial behavior is also sometimes referred to as .... |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the connection between person-oriented aggression and cognitive development? |
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Definition
| There is an inverse relationship. As children mature cognitively, aggression diminishes. |
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Term
| Parents are more likely to abuse..... |
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Definition
| sick or unhealthy children |
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Term
| What attachment pattern would you expect in a non-familial perpetrator of sexual child abuse? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following represents "regression" on the part of a sibling when another sibling is born? |
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Definition
| The older child having toilet accidents even after having been potty trained. |
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Term
| A self-reliant child is most likely to have been raised by ... |
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Definition
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Term
| What may enhance the success of early intervention programs? |
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Definition
| The involvement of parents |
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Term
| What are the effects of television viewing by children? |
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Definition
| It probably depends on what shows are being watched. |
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Term
| The more complex the child's social cognitive capacity _____. |
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Definition
| the more complex the child's perceptions of relationships may become |
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Term
| Children who are depressed tend to interpret failures as.... |
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Definition
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Term
| Some of Selman's five levels of perspective-taking skills in childhood are ... |
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Definition
| Egocentrism, assume one perspective is right, understands intention, understands perspective of the larger social group |
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Term
| According to Erikson, middle childhood children are in the _____ stage of psychosocial development. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the first stage of psychosocial development according to Erikson? |
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Definition
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Term
| During which stage of development does the Oedipus complex occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| When do the greatest gains in identity formation occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| When we say that self-concept has become more "differentiated" what does this mean? |
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Definition
| That more categories have been added to one's self-description. |
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Term
| A six-day-old infant sucks on a nipple in order to eat. A psychologist would NOT view this as the result of learning because ... |
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Definition
| the behavior did not require any experience |
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Term
| If you salivate at the sight of McDonald's "Golden Arches," you are evidencing.... |
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Definition
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Term
| Seligman's learned helplessness experiment showed that the dogs who were initially shocked while in harnesses ... |
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Definition
| generalized passive behavior to subsequent situations |
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Term
| If a previously extinguished response reappears, the phenomenon is referred to as... |
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Definition
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Term
| In Watson's experiment with Albert, the unconditioned response was.... |
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Definition
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Term
| Operant conditioning requires..... |
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Definition
| reinforcing the desired behavior |
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Term
| Often at the beginning of the school year, a teacher has to punish a child in the class for breaking a classroom rule. Usually, from that one experience, the other children in the class learn what is acceptable and what is not. This situation MOST CLEARLY represents an example of.... |
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Definition
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Term
| Which methods has been shown to lower drop-out rates effectively? |
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Definition
| Head Start, small class size, positive school climate, family support |
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Term
| What is a dyad in learning? |
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Definition
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Term
| Dennis is about to begin junior high school, and the changes in social environment that he will face include which points .... |
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Definition
- a new school
-several teachers instead of one
- heavy academic demands
- increased gender role confusion |
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Term
| According to Erik, Erikson, adolescents are primarily dealing with concerns related to ... |
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Definition
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Term
| When does autism usually become evident? |
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Definition
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Term
| The most common cause of severe intellectual and emotional impairment in older individuals is... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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