patricians vs. plebs

patr. have all the rights

non violent struggle for plebs to gain rights

patr. need plebs in army

named after king servius

took census to see property ownership= how much weapons they could buy for the army

“knights” + classes I, II, II, IV, V + proletariate

army classes divided up by consuls

knights - have horse

1-everything but horse

2-5 less

proletariate - poor no weapons

193 total votes

elect consul and declare war

if patr. vote together = 98 (class I knights) votes = win

formed by plebs to protect plebs

formed from geographical tribes (20/36 votes)

could veto = go on strike

tribune of the plebs = 10 ppl = official leaders

plebiscites= laws that are binding on plebs only = eventually become everyones laws (287)

patrician wrote down the 12 tables of laws

banned intermarriage(eventually gets revoked)

how plebs got into the senate

censors = take census and appoint new ppl to the senate

repleced consuls with MT

Mt could be a pleb

consuls are back

one consul = pleb

praetors

nobles

novus homo

P = administered the law = patriciain

nobles = families who have had consul in them

novus homo = new man = no one had been a consul in families past

rule by a few people

patricians + wealthy and important plebs

(WIMPS)

Survey of roman magistrates and assemblies

·      Very early magistrates: consuls (2) – lead army

o   Praetors (2)– servive as judges in law courts

o   aediles (4) – take care of city of rome – roads bridges etc

o   quaestors (6) – treasurers

o   tribunes (10)– 10 reps of the plebs

o   all of these are re-elected each year!

o   Every form of officials have at least 2 people in it

·      Special magistrates:

o   Censors (2) – elected every 5 years – take census – appoint people to the senate

o   Dictator (1) – cant servive more than 6 months

curiate ass. - 30

army ass. - 197

consul of plebs - 20/36 tribes

consul of people - 20/36

Lars- Etruscan King Invading Rome

Rome had people (100) trying to assassinate him

Mucius was caught, burned his hand and held it in fire to show roman determination

Told Lars one the 100 would kill him

Lars withdrew 

Celts/Gauls

(Battle of the Allia River 390)

Roman=Phalanx(ordered army-300 spartans) 

Celts= undisciplined, wild, fought naked

 Battle of AR= Celts powned roman army, had to pay them a lot in order to leave

"Vae Victis"=Woe to the Conquored

Rome built large wall around the city for protection

Named after King Servius

Legion subdivided into Manciples

More flexible

Velites=1200(New guys)

Hastati=120x10 

Principes=120x10

Triarii=60x10(Veterans, Experienced, raped)

After Celtic invasion Rome was afraid of neighbors

They got them before they could get Rome

Appeals from Neighbors, Genuine Threats, Military Command Considerations

MAYBE...Glory, , Loot

Rome didn't fight for land. Went to weaken enemies and then go home.

Consuls lead army. 1 yr to win Glory through war

Took great losses in order to win wars. 

Lost many more battles than they won

Would just keep sending new armies and evenutally win

Reason:New Consuls every year=Rookie General

Area where a Consul's power was effective 

For Consul's and War

(2 consuls, 1 province each, don't overlap) 

Helped Keep each Consul equal

Builit for military use

Helped move army

3 Samnite Wars

Battle of Sentinum(295BC)

Samnites and Gauls(Celts) united against Rome

Rome was losing

DEVOTIO=Dedicating yourself to the Gods

Roman General (Mus) did this, ran in and died..This pumped roman army and they won battle.

Pyrrhic Wars

Pyrrhic of Epirus 

Tarentum=Greek city, navy sank some Roman Ally ships

Roman Senator went to city for explanation, got made fun of. 

Rome Declared war, Greece went to support tarentum. 

"Lucanian Cows"=elephants (Pyrrhic brough war elephants, romans first saw them in the Land of Lucania) 

"Pyrrhic Victory"-Pyrrhic won, but lost tons of soldiers so went home.

Allies=Any place Rome conquered 

Recruitment Base

When Rome conquered a place, they left the current gov intact, Didn't force anything on them, Just needed to provide soldiers for Rome.

Allies made up majority of Rome's army

messana appealed for rome's help

consul pushed for war and rome went to war

navy battles

battle of mylae - romans had corves=ramp to board other ships

romans found a wrecked carthage war ship=copies it 

romans win

carthages war leader

gorilla warfair

carthagian army was made of mercenaries

werent paid = give up carthage to rome

Scilily 

sardinia 

corsica

hannibal= leader of carthagians 

attempts to break up italian alliance

invade italy

scipio-roman general = battle of zama - right outside of carthage

hannibal goes back to africa

rome wins

philip V- king of macedonia-treaty with hannibal - hate him

1st macedonia war = 1st war romans lost

rome stalled 

rhodes and pergamum appealed to rome

falmininus=roman general

armies met unexpectedly and rome won

indemnity, abandoned territory in greece

antiochus III-king of seleucid

war indemnity, abandon territory in Asia Minor (Pergamum) 

Rome outnumber, Syrian Army old school, rome wins

Antropomorphic gods

jupiter=zeus=thunderbolt and eagle

12 most important gods = olympian gods

athena=zeus's daughter- came from head

neptune=posidon=sea

venus=sex=sea foam

artemis = goddes of hunt

mars = god of war

vulcan = ugliesy god

Rhodes and Pergs say Perseus was going to hire Bastarnae to invade Italy

Bastarnae=Tribe of Celts

Lucius Paulus=Roman General

Battle of Pydna-Rome Wins

patritioning of Macedonia-Divided Macedonia up into 4 countries(Macedonia 1,2,3,4)

half gods = heros

hercules =lion skin and club

amazon = women with one breast=warrior

icarus=flew to close to sun wax wings melted fell into sea

legends by greeks adopted by romans

·      Mystery religions

·      New the secret you would get an afterlife/immortality

·      So they were popular and many ppl were in them

·      Didn’t know which one was the right cult to be apart of so ppl joined many

o   Before u knew the secret you had to be initiated- couldn’t have sex

o   Isis gave you life after death!

Bacchus worship (186 BC)

·      A priest of Cybele

·      Cut their dick off with a stone knife… throw it in someone’s house and wore women’s clothing for the rest of their life – Greeks did this

·      Romans used bulls balls instead of cutting off their own

welcomed all greek teachers,philsophers, etc. and supported greek culture into rome

·      Stoicism, Epicureanism

o   Were New beliefs.. wanted to know their personal place in the universe

o   Stoicism = machine of life is gonna be the same? Predictable. Have no choice what u are going to do in life – your life is fixed, can’t change it

written history of rome

cato the elder

romans never wrote down history- started writing it in greek

cato didnt want to be a lot about greek culture=wrote history in latin

rome = rish = love gladitors entertainment

adopted from etruscans

only 3 times a year - most didn't die

convicted criminals would go against wild beasts