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| Early records for civilization in regards to Greece; mainly Crete |
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| The largest Greek island in the Mediterranean; site of the Minoan civilization that reached its peak in 1600 BCE. |
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| A Bronze Age civilization, arose on the island of Crete and flourished from approximately 2700 to 1450 BCE |
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| An ancient town on Crete where Bronze Age culture flourished from about 2000 BCE to 1400 BCE |
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| 1300 BCE highly centralized civilization. |
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| An ancient city in Asia Minor that was the site of the Trojan War. |
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| Decade long war under king Agamemnon's rule. It was against the Trojan to avenge the abduction of Helen, wife of king Menelaus, by Paris, son of Trojan king Priam; ended in the destruction of Troy. |
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| Ancient Greek epic poet who is believed to have written the Iliad and the Odyssey. |
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| A Greek epic poem describing the siege of Troy. |
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| A Greek epic poem describing the journey of Odysseus after the fall of Troy. |
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| German archaeologist who discovered nine superimposed city sites of Troy; he also excavated Mycenae. |
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| Were one of the four major tribes into which the people of Classical Greece divided themselves. |
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| Another name for a Greece inhabitant |
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| City- state form of government; typical of Greek political organization from 800 to 400 BCE |
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| The citadel in ancient Greek towns. |
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| The main temple of the goddess Athena; built on the acropolis in Athens more than 400 years BCE; example of Doric architecture |
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| The market place in ancient Greece. |
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| Began in Greece; a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them. |
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| A government run by only a few, often the wealthy. |
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| In ancient Greece, a ruler who had seized power without legal right to it. Not necessarily a bad thing. |
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| The act of excluding someone from society by general consent. |
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| The art of using language to communicate effectively and persuasively. "The art of speech". |
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| The capital and largest city of Greece; named after Athena. |
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| An ancient Greek city famous for military powers; the dominant city of the Peloponnesus prior to the 4th century BCE. |
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| (Dark Ages) Athenian lawmaker whose code of laws prescribed death for almost every offense. |
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| (Archaic Period) An Athenian statesman and poet. Foundations of democracy. Also broadened qualifications for elected officials. |
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| (Pre- classical/Golden ) Began that all men vote if at least 18, jurors, council of 500. |
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| (Classical/ Golden) Statesmen and strategos, purely Athenian, he ordered the construction of the Parthenon. |
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| Name of the alliance of several Greek city-states whose purpose was to continue fighting the Persian empire. |
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| Classical philosopher. Credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy. |
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| The ancient Greek known as the farther of history; his accounts of the wars between the Greeks and Persians are the first known examples of historical writing (485-425 BCE). |
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| One of the greatest of the ancient Athenian philosophers; pupil of Plato; teacher of Alexander the Great (384-322 BCE). |
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| Written by Plato; is a Socratic dialogue about the order and character of the City-state. |
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| Zeus, Poseidon, Athena, Hermes, Aphrodite, Apollo: The greater gods of ancient Greece whose abode was Mount Olympus. |
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| Allegedly received cryptic messages from Apollo that had predictive value of the seeker could correctly interpret the communication. Possibly the most famous Oracle. |
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| Three supposedly ugly women who decided the human fate through a tapestry. |
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| A war between Greece and Persia because of Greece colonizing and Persia expanding. Results include Greece's Golden Age, Athenian hubris, Spartan resentment, and Greek disunity. |
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| Battle in 490 BCE in which the Athenians and their allies defeated the Persians. |
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A famous battle in 480 BCE; a Greek army under Leonidas was annihilated by the Persians who were trying to conquer Greece.
*think 300 |
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| Great naval battle; was the turning point in the war. Showed the naval supremacy of Athens. |
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| A defeat of the Persian army by the Greeks at Plataea in 479 BCE. |
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| 300 BCE. No emotion, free will, not words but deeds. |
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| An oval large stadium with tiers of seats; an arena in which contests and spectacles are held. |
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| A nickname for Athens during the age of Pericles. |
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| 431 BCE to 404 BCE. Three-decade long war that saw the end of Greece's Golden Age, loss of Greek Morale, financial ruin of Greece, and led to the rise of Macedonian Greece. |
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| Improved hoplites, wasn’t really Greek, united against Persia. |
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| The ancient kingdom of Philip and Alexander the Great. |
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| 330 BCE. Quickly and successfully conquered the ancient world, started the influence of Hellenistic culture, student of Aristotle, military commander, determined to be famous, had an Achilles complex, built an empire at the age of 30. |
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| Transformation of city-states to cosmopolitan culture. |
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| The successors of alexander the Great in Egypt. |
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| The chief port of Egypt; located on the western edge of th Nile delta on the Mediterranean Sea; founded by Alexander the Great; the capital of ancient Egypt. |
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| 1500 BCE. The period during which the Vedas, the oldest sacred texts of the Aryans, were being composed. |
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| A nomadic group that migrated into India, conquered the Dravidians, and began the caste system. |
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| Prehistoric inhabitants of India who intentionally lived in the Indus Valley and were later conquered by Aryans. |
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| An ancient language of India; an official language of India, now used for religious purposes. |
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| People of the vast Indian subcontinent of south central Asia, where the Indo- European language Sanskrit, used to dominate. A religious literature exists in this language dating back to high antiquity. |
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| A social structure in which classes are determined by heredity. |
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| "Color" The name for the original social division of Vedic people into four groups. |
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| A Hindu caste or distinctive social group of which there are thousands throughout India. |
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| 300 BCE. Started by Chandragupta Maurya, it was a large bureaucracy, had a large army, promoted trade and communication, and first to unify. Spread Buddhism. |
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Buddhism
*defined specifically for this unit-for more see AP World Religions |
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| Majorly spread because of Asoka |
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| 320 to 550: Golden Age. Was a dynasty that had many achievements such as the concept of the number zero, arabic numerals, place value, decimal system, sterilization during surgery and setting of bones, and prediction of eclipses and identification of planets. |
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The ten digits that are still used today.
(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) |
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| 87 moralistic fables which spread over the Middle East and Europe. |
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| A grouo of nomadic pastoral people that ended India's Golden Age. |
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| The Chinese dynasty (from 246 to 206 BCE) that established the first centralized imperial government and built much of the Great Wall. |
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| Nonelective government officials. A form of organization marked by division of labor, hierarchy, rules and regulation and impersonal relationships. |
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| 1st Golden Age (200 BCE to 200 CE). Imperial dynasty that ruled China. |
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| Examinations implemented in various countries for admission to the civil service. They are intended as a methods to achieve an effective, rational; public administration on a merit system. |
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| Written by Sun Tzu. A Chinese military treatise. Still read today. It examines military strategy and the relationship between war and politics. |
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| Chinese Buddhist monk that traveled to India and Sri Lanka (400 CE) |
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| An extensive interconnected network of trade routes across the Asian continent connecting East, South, and Western Asia with the Mediterranean world, as well as North and Northeast Africa and Europe. |
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| Sui (586 CE to 618 CE) & Tang (710 to 755 CE) were dynasties that basically set the 2nd Golden Age. Arts flourished, and the silk road was received among other things. |
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| He loved during the Han Dynasty. He was the first official diplomat to bring back reliable information about Central Asia to the Chinese imperial court, then under Emperor Wu of Han, and played an important pioneering role in the Chinese colonization and conquest of the region now known as Xinjian. |
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| The longest caalor artificial river in the world. Starting at Beijing, ot passes through Tianjin and the provinces of Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu and Zheijang to the city of Hangzhou. |
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| A Chinese sailboat design dating from ancient times and still in use today. Junks were developed during the Han Dynasty and were used as ocean-going vessels as early as the 2nd century AD. |
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| Culture that ruled Rome prior to republic; ruled through powerful kings and well-organized armies; expelled by Romans. Important for burying dead. |
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| A people of ancient Italy who included the inhabitants of early Rome. Important for the creation myth and had Greek influence. |
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| The approximate years that Rome lasted; including the Republic and the Empire. |
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| An ancient city state on the north African coast near modern Tunis; founded by Phoenicians; destroyed and rebuilt by Romans. Think Punic Wars: Rome vs. Carthage. |
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| Rome's enemies in the Punic War. |
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| A form of gov't whose head of state is not a monarch. 7 kings 2 consuls, and a senate. |
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| The power or right to prohibit or reject a proposed or intended act. |
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The elite group of citizens
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| Ordinary citizens in Rome. |
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| Christians were seen as bad, and then later accepted, and then even later Rome converted to the religion |
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| A commitment to constitutionalism |
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| Rome vs. Carthage; because of Rome's expansion beyond peninsula. Three separate wars. Results include Rome becoming the "Master of the Mediterranean" and Roman over extension. |
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He said that the only sure defense against Carthage was to destroy it.
"Carthago delenda est!" Carthage must be destroyed. |
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| General who commanded the Carthaginian army in the second Punic War; crossed the Alps and defeated the Romans but was recalled to defend Carthage and was defeated. ELEPHANTS! 39 out of 40 died..how sad for the last elephant :( |
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| Brave Roman general who attacked Carthage home territory in order to get Hannibal out of Italy. |
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| "Adventure on Iberian Peninsula" Hannible brings it home, Alps & Elephants! (218 - 201 BCE for the Second Punic War) Carthage gave control of this to Rome. |
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| "I came I saw I Conquered". Conqueror of Gaul and master of Italy. Dictator of the Roman Republic; he claimed he was the "Dictator for Life". He was everything to everyone. He rebuilt Carthage. Month of July is named after him. He was assassinated. |
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| Crassus, Pompey, and Caesar. A political alliance. |
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| Julius crossed it with a legion to make his way to Rome. This ended up making armed conflict inevitable. |
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| A battle happened here because of Julius. It established Roman Dominance in Gaul for the next 500 years. |
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| Ides of March. The day Julius was assassinated on the steps of the Senate. |
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| One of Julius Caesar's friends, who assassinated him. |
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| One of the three men for the Second Triumvirate. He was involved with Cleopatra, and is important for the Battle of Actium. He killed himself after his loss. |
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| MArc Antony, Octavian & Lepidus |
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| Paves path for monarchy. Defeated Marc Antony and Cleopatra in 31 BCE at Actium. |
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| Octavian's changed name. Changed Rome to a monarchy, he was a master of propaganda, he wrote an autobiography, and followed the MAndate of Heaven. The month August is named after him. |
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| A Roman historian who wrote the History of Rome in Latin. |
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| A famous Roman poet who wrote "The Art of Love". |
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| Horace (a poet) made it a phrase. It means "Seize the Day". |
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| Greek biographer who wrote Parallel Lives. |
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| A roman poet; author of the epic peom "Aeneid" |
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| A confederation of Celtic tribes living n what was later to become eastern and northern Scotland from before the Roman conquest of Britain. |
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| Were an East Germanic tribe that entered the late Roman Empire during the 5th century, perhaps best known for their sack of Rome in 455 CE. |
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| Used to slow barbarians. A stone and timber fortification built by the Roman Empire across the width of what is now northern England. |
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| A water supply or navigable channel constructed to convey water. |
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| Stone column in Rome with a stone relief spiraling all the way up, depicting various scenes from Trajan's campaigns. |
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| Capable of seating 50,000 spectators. The Coliseum was used for gladiatorial contests and public spectacles such as mock sea battles, animal hunts, executions, and reenactments of famous battles |
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| A phrase used because of the extensive Roman Roads network. |
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| A term coined with the Circus Maximus; made the people content. |
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| Was one of the earliest and strategically most important Roman roads of the ancient republic. |
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| The circular Roman temple dedicated to all the gods in 27 BCE in Rome. |
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| Is an ancient roman chariot racing stadium and mass entertainment venue located in Rome. |
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| The best forum in Rome. Huge public center...Rome's Times square. |
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| An underground tunnel with recesses where bodies were buried. |
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| Emperor of Rome who stopped the persecution of Christians. |
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Theodosian was the last emperor to rule over both the eastern and western halves of the Roman Empire. His creed is making Christianity the official religion of Rome.
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| Christian council that met in 325 CE to determine orthodoxy with respect to persons of Trinity. |
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A member of the western group of Goths who sacked Rome and created a kingdom in present-day Spain and southern France.
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