Term
| Symptoms of PTSD -Categories |
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Definition
DSM Duration Criteria: when stress sx progress past 1 month ACUTE STRESS DISORDER BECOMES PTSD
PTSD CATEGORIES:
-Acute: less than 3 months
-Chronic: 3 months or longer
-Delayed: sx begin 6+ months after traumatic event. Usually triggered by something in the environment that resembled the original trauma |
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Term
| Symptoms of PTSD - List 10 |
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Definition
Symptoms of PTSD
- Painful and intrusive recollections
-Flashbacks or hallucinations
-Excessive autonomic arousal
-Hyper vigilance
-Avoidance
-Disconnection/Social Withdraw
-Change of life perspective/ foreshortening
-Irritability, anger, paranoia
-Trouble sleeping/falling asleep
-Children may regress
not everyone has every symptom -mixed and matched and varied levels of severity |
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Term
Symptoms of PTSD
- Painful and intrusive recollections |
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Definition
| Person can't control or rid themselves of thinking about/ reliving the trauma. (see also Flashbacks and hallucinations) |
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Term
Symptoms of PTSD
-Excessive autonomic arousal |
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Definition
Sympathetic nervous system is overactivated with PTSD.
-High blood pressure and heart rate, -Easy startle response.
-Kids (and sometimes adults) may have trouble controlling their bowels and urin |
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Term
Symptoms of PTSD
-Avoidance |
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Definition
Avoidance comes in many forms- it's a coping strategy to try and shut out traumatic memories
-avoid talking about the event
-avoid places and reminders of the event
-avoid feelings (NUMBING) to shut off emoitions.
-the problem with numbing as a coping mechanism is that it tends to shut down all emotions including the positive ones.
-Block memories- amnesia disorders related to extreme stress |
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Term
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Definition
PTSD is very variable,
For some people, the sx dissapate on their own or with tx while others are harder to shake or the sx go away but come back later.
e.g. bomb victims from WWII Japan got over PTSD but then were retrigged in the '95 earthquake |
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Term
| Factors increasing risk for PTSD (LIST) |
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Definition
-severity of event
- Chronicity of event
-Source of traumatic event
-Variables that bring people to the event |
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Term
Factors that increase PTSD risk
-Severity of event |
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Definition
The more severe the traumatic event, the more likeley PTSD will occurr.
Eg. War vs. fender bender
Vietnam soliders had an 18% PTSD rate while Iraq/Afghanistan PTSD rate is 30%
Possibly due to the fact that better protective gear and medical advances allow people to survive much greater injuries |
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Term
Factors that increase PTSD risk
-chronicity of the event |
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Definition
| Multiple traumas of exposures increase the risk of PTSD. e.g. Childhood sexual abuse bad enough but if abuse is continuous the risk of PTSD increases |
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Term
Factors that increase PTSD risk
-Source of the traumatic event |
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Definition
Deliberately caused trauma has higher incidence of PTSD
e.g. Earthquake vs 9/11 (more difficult because it was intentional)
intentional trauma goes against core belief that people are good and also many times it is directed towards a specific individual which you can't help but take personally.
Also, natural disasters tend to affect entire communities so they come with greater understanding and support |
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Term
Factors that increase PTSD risk
-individual variable people bring with them to the event |
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Definition
-Previous exposure to trauma increases vulnerability to PTSD
-Pre existing psychological problems e.g. depression, substance abuse
-How people respond during the event (e.g. people who go into dissociative numbing during an event are at higher risk for PTSD especially when coupled with a severe life stressor following the event- e.g. no money to rebuild after Oakland Hills fire)
-attitudes about emotional expression
-people who have trouble identifying and expressing emotion are especially vulnerable (e.g military or machismo emotion = weakness)
-Stigma in seeking pscyh help or mistrust of system
-people who think they can deal with trauma on their own
-cultural norms against emotional expression
-don't want to be a burden
-fell others don't understand (big with vets)
But data shows that talking about trauma helps treat PTSD but must be done with respect to individual and cultural norms |
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Term
| Protective factors against PTSD- |
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Definition
-social support before the event can be protective against PTSD and also aids in recovery. Provides opportunity to talk about the event.
Support can be emotional and or tangible (e.g. childcare, errands, financial etc).
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Term
| PTSD for ________ is the most common cause |
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Definition
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Term
Mood Disorders-
Depressive Disorders |
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Definition
50% of american have met the critera for some mental illness at some point in their lives.
Less than 1/2 the people affected seek tx. due to a variety of factors e.g. stigma, lack of resources, etc.
The brain is just another organ- equally affected by environment, chemicals, genetics, etc. DIsorders of the brain are just like any other medical condition and shouldn't have a stigma. |
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Term
| 3 categories of mood disorder (list) |
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Definition
-Due to a medical condition
-Bipolar disorder
-Unipolar depression |
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Term
3 categories of mood disorder
-due to a medical condition |
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Definition
| e.g. depression can develop from a medical condition such as an under active thyroid (cases depressive sx) hypothyroidism |
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Term
3 categories of mood disorder
Bipolar disorder (1-3) |
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Definition
Bipolar 1: extreme manias and depression
Bipolar 2: milder manias with expreme depression
Psychothymic disorder: milder manias and milder depressions |
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Term
3 categories of mood disorder
-unipolar depression |
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Definition
depression without mania
a) dysthymia- long term low grade depression
b) major depressive disorder- more intense /severe can come and go |
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Term
| Import/Impact of Mood disorder |
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Definition
-most common classification of mental health disorders worldwide
-Costly- 40 million per year cost of tx and loss of productivity
-W.H.O. say mood disorders are the #1 cause of disability around the world (including diseases) 5 of the top 10 causes of psychiatric |
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Term
| Mood Disorders- epidemiology |
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Definition
Epidemiological study E.C.A. conducted 20,000 structured interviews with people in the US.
Used data to determines rates of diagnoses of different disorders by sampling a representative selection of the general population (not just those seeking treatment)
Findings:
-8% have a mood disorder (now closer to 12%) and increasing
-Women are 2x as likely to be diagnosed with depression- gender difference begins around age 15
-23-29% of girls begin reporting mild-moderate depression
10-15% of boys reporting
Age 15-24 is the highest risk age group for depression
There is an overall trend of increase in unipolar depression and 1st depressive episodes are beginning earlier
Media exposure and body image expectations- overlap between depression and eating disorders are common |
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Term
| Successful people with mood disorders |
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Definition
Abe LIncolm
Harding
Linden Johnson probably bipolar
Robin Williams Bipolar 2
with tx mood disorders don't have to be debilitating |
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Term
| Theories for increase in depression rates- list |
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Definition
-Role overload theory
-Time to maturation
-Social networks |
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Term
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Definition
Theory for increase in depression rates
-women are expected to fulfill so many roles, parent, breadwinner, spouse, caregiver, friend etc. leads to exhaustion and feeling overwhelmed- can lead to depression. |
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Term
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Definition
Theory of increasing rates of depression among women
girls are maturing earlier and earlier
early maturation may be tied to food and hormones
girls who mature earlier have lower self esteem and higher rates of depression
lack of proper nutrients can lead to depression- high fat low nutrient diets leads to an increase in pro inflamatory cytokines which promotes inflammation.
depressed people have higher rates of pro-inflammatory cytokines which can affect the function of serotonin and neurotransmitters |
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