Term
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Definition
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Alters: different personalities that can vary widely in terms of age, gender, interests, and personality. Biological differences too e.g. eyesite and blood sugar levels
Typically develops in childhood in response to extensive exposure to trauma e.g. prolonged, severe abuse or witnessing horrific events e.g. living in a war torn area
Purpose of alters- act as a coping mechanism- gone to extremes. A disconnection of different parts of the self |
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Term
| Video Clip- Woman with D.I.D. |
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Definition
Chronic humiliation and abuse by father growing up. She learned that creating different personalities was a way of coping. She couldn't handle a situation but one of her alters could.
Leaned to map her alters in therapy
Resistant to "integrating" alters
Resistance to integrating alters is common- even though it's maladaptive Alters are still a coping mechanism
-D.I.D. has a high rate of comorbidity |
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Term
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Definition
Having more than 1 disorder at the same time.
80% of people with D.I.D. also experience severe anxiety and/or depression. D.I.D also increases vulnerability to eating disorders and substance abuse- often it is another disorder that bring people with D.I.D. into therapy, during which time their multiples are discovered. |
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Term
| Amnesia component of D.I.D |
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Definition
| Oneway amnesia- some alters can remember each other while others cannot. Introducing them to one another is the first step in integration |
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Term
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Definition
Potential for misdiagnosis of D.I.D as schitzophrenia since people with undiagnoses D.I.D may feel the presence of their alters or hear their voices
Differences between schizophrenia and D.I.D.
D.I.Ds often acocomodate their alters/delusions in terms of voice change, dress, etc. While Schizophrenics delusions of being, for example, god does not come along with any changes to accomodate that delusion. A
People with schizophrenia also tend to have flat and affected moods and jumbled hard to follow speech |
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Term
| Depersonalization Disorder |
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Definition
A dissociative disorder
The only one with NO AMNESIA
Dissociative disorder goes beyond Acute Stress Disorder and has the dissociation continue without the presence of the stressor.
-Feel detached from body and mental processes
-may have out of body experiences/ looking down on themselves
-Feel like living in a dream or like things aren't real DE-REALIZATION
-Feel like a robot- can't control their actions
-Others seem unreal as well
-Disorder can be triggered by an acute stressor, it can come and go
-NO MEMORY LOSS
- Most common out of body experience is in response to assaults - a coping mechanism to detach from the experience
-Trouble deciphering real from unreal since everything seems like a dream |
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Term
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Definition
Not very common
Somataform disorders are a class of conditions where people have emotional or mental health problems that are expressed physically. Their mental problems are translated into physical symptoms. |
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Term
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Definition
In the class of Somataform Disorders
Somatization Disorder has a range of symptoms from fainting to nausea.
-Discomfort is not isolated to a single area
-Symptoms are chronic
-Preoccupation with symptoms
many dr. visits and treatments with no sucess. treatments can cause more problems due to side effects, scar tissue, infection etc.
Causes-
-for some the care and attention may be soothing.
-Mental illness may be too stigmatized for them to comfortable consider.
-Could be something they have learned from a family member with chronic illness.
-NOT INTENTIONALLY CREATING THE SYMPTOMS- it is an unconscious process so it can be difficult for a patient to come to terms with the fact that the root of their pain is psychological
also known as Briquet's syndrome. |
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Term
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Definition
In the class of Somataform Disorders
Formerly know as hysteria
Conversion disorder consists of neurologically based symptoms that have no nurological cause
e.g. numbness, paralysis, blindness.
-Sx tend to not fully express themseleves as they would if there was an underlying neurological cause (e.g. hand drop test has different results)
- People with conversion disorder don't seem to be that troubled by it "La Belle Indifference"- a more casual response to sx than people with neurological conditions have
-sx wax and wane with stress- less common now than in Freud's time possibly due to greater medical knowledge |
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Term
| Somataform Disorders (List) |
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Definition
| -Somatization Disorder -Conversion Disorder -Hypochondraisis -Body Dysmorphic Disorder -Factitious Disorder (maybe?) |
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Term
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Definition
In the class of Somataform Disorders.
Hypochondraisis is a disorder in which suffers group a set of symptoms they may be experiencing and believe that it is a condition.
-Extremely focused on bodily sensations
-Constant vigilance on bodily sensations leads to frequent misinterpretation of benign feelings
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Term
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Definition
In the class of Somataform Disorders
Similar to OCD- People with Body Dysmorphic Disorder become obsessed with a certain part of their body which they are dissatisfied with.
Become HYPERFOCUSED on a mole, or a crooked nose etc and magnify the imperfection.
It can become debilitating |
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Term
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Definition
May or may not be part of the somataform class
Factitious Disorder is when people INTENTIONALLY create physical symptoms in themselves
- generally takes Drs a long time to diagnose because they aren't looking for it to be self inflicted
-Attention seeking disorder
Facititious Disorder By Proxy- when a parent or caregiver does it to a child in their care |
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Term
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Definition
Anxiety is a multi faceted, complex construct
1) emotional symptoms
2) physical symptoms
3) cognitive symptoms
4) Behavioral symptoms
All areas need to be assessed
Anxiety is actually a very adaptive behavior- it keeps us safe. It becomes a problem when it inhibits rather than protects us |
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Term
| Anxiety - Emotional symptoms |
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Definition
| emotional symptoms of anxiety include fear, dread, terror, irritability |
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Term
| Anxiety - Physical symptoms |
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Definition
Physical symptoms of anxiety include
being dizzy, sweaty, palpitations, increased heart rate, dry mouth, tight chest, shaky, GI issues etc
Activation of the sympathetic nervous system- fight or flight response |
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Term
| Anxiety - Cognitive symptoms |
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Definition
| Worry, rumination, losing control, belief that you are dying, trouble concentrating, dissociation |
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Term
| Anxiety - Behavioral symptoms |
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Definition
avoidance or escape
avoidance- avoid the stressor or stimulus
escape- remove yourself from the stressor or stimulus |
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Term
| How can you tell normal from problematic anxiety? |
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Definition
1) is the perceived threat realistic?
2) Persistence of anxiety
3) Does the fear keep people from functioning?
1)1) is the perceived threat realistic?
e.g. does your fear of non poisonous spiders cause you to have a panic attack? That would be an over reaction. Arachnophobics believe the threat to be real when objectively it is not real
2) Persistence of anxiety
e.g. does the anxiety outlast the exposure to the stimulus? e.g. do you spend a great deal of your time worrying about possible future encounters with spiders? ruminating, anticipating, worrying?
3) Does the fear keep people from functioning?
- to what extent does your anxiety affect your daily quality of life- does your fear of spiders keep you from going outside? |
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Term
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Definition
Anxiety is a common feature of many disorders
it can develop alongside depression and can increase as schizophrenic symptoms emerge |
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Term
| Anxiety/Depression relationship |
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Definition
Anxiety and depression are frequently seen together.
Possibly due to biological connection
Seratonin transporters (SL & SS)are predictive of anxiety as well as depression when combined with stress.
Both depression and anxiety are NEGATIVE MOOD STATES
severe anxiety severely diminished functioning and quality of life which can lead to depression |
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Term
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Definition
A type of anxiety disorder.
Donald Klein argued in the 1960s that it should be its own disorder due to the unique features that set it apart from other anxiety disorders
Features of panic disorder:
-panic attacks on a frequent basis, often without warning)
-person begins to worry about having panic attacks- anticpatory anxiety
-often (not always) person will change their behavior in an effort to avoid having another panic attack e.g. stop attending concerts
-behavioral avoidence occurs in 1/3-1/2 of sufferes
- agoraphobia has a spectrum- avoiding concerts= low end, not leaving the house= high end
-high levels of depression go along with Panic Disorder because it makes life enjoyment difficult |
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Term
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Definition
- extreme intense episode of fear with a clear beginning and end
-dizzy, faint, detached from self, SOB, choking sensation, can't breathe, chest pain, numbness in extremities, nausea
-fear of erratic behavior/ lack of control
-often misinterpreted as a heart attack of stroke |
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