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- Vapheio cup A from tholos tomb, Vapehio (c.1500-1400 BCE)
- Scene depicts the capture of a bull, done in repousée {french for chasing}
- Design is raised by hammering the reverse on a gold sheet
- Possible a prince/warrior?
- Swords daggers, lots of other goods
- paired with cup B > Another scene of bull capture; more peaceful
- 10.8 cm
- even though tomb was robbed but robbers overlooked grave in floor
- deceased was a warrior based on grave goods
- peaceful scene means it may be Minoan > bull motif > small waisted people |
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- Entrance of Treasury of Atreus with Dromos and door (c.1250 BCE)
- most advanced and famous Tholos Tomb
- 14.5 m in diameter; 13.2 m high
- 100 ton lintel stone
- relieving triangle
- side chamber
- dromos was 35 m. |
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- Plan of Mycenaean palace of Pylos (c.1200 BCE)
- Residence of King Nestor
- Excavated by Carl Blegan who began in 1939
- Only palace totally abandoned
- Population of about 50 000 in total
- Linear B tablets written in Mycenaean Scripts! Found a bunch within the hour of digging
- best excavated Mycenaean palaces |
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- Reconstruction of throne room, palace of Pylos (c. 13th c. BCE)
- Plaster walls
- Ceilings and walls painted in very bright colour's
- 4 tapered columns
- massive hearth with hole in roof for smoke to go out> supported by the 4 columns> balcony overlooking |
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- Pictorial Style Warrior Vase, Mycenae (c.1200 BCE)
- LH III
- Shields depicted smaller than typical Mycenaean style
- new Armour looks more like Hoplites
- more infantry and less chariotry
- krater, used to mix wine and water
- narrative decoration makes vessel unique to period |
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- Plan of Troy VI/VIIa showing fortifications, late 13th c. BCE
- Troy Villa c. 1300 BCE
- Excavated by Blegen, evidence of a siege and with new excavations by Knoffman
- Troy VI had lower city outside walls
- Found great quantity of horse bones in Tory VI
- large wall, big houses, large gate
- Troy VI has fortification walls but was likely destroyed by earthquake not people
- Troy VIIa most likely destroyed by fire set by people > controlled trade to black sea {that is how it got so wealthy} |
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- Krater, Dipylon cemetery, Athens, with ekphora (LGP, c. 900 BCE)
- has a scene of ekphora {procession of mourners and deceased to the cemetery}
- late geometric
- krater > used for mixing wine and water
- mourners have hands touching heads in classic mourning style
- struggling to depict horses |
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- Plan of building and hero burial, Lefkandi, Euboea (c. early 10th c. BCE)
- Largest Dark Age (DA) building found as of yet
- Beside Toumba cemetery
- Apsidal-shape building with 2 shaft graves
- Heroön/hero tomb: a site for the worship of a hero, a semi divine person such as a prince or leader who was heroized after death
- *graves found with man/women and horses {women adorned with gold and had a dagger?}*
- centaur figurine found here
- building abandoned after death > shows a "Big-Man Theory" > culture surrounding a particular person and is usually abandoned after their death |
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Definition
- Bronze statuette of the Dreros Apollo, Crete (c.700 BCE)
- Found with 2 female figurines: Artemis and Leto
- Earliest figures of substantial size to survive the Dark Age
- Used to be believed that is was made by hammering technique called sphyrelaton (sculptor hammered thin sheets of bronze nailed to wooden form)
- Xoana (Greek word for Image}
- New theory: sheets were riveted together, no nailed to wooden core so that the figures were hallow |
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- Terracotta statue of centaur “Cheiron”, Lefkandi (c. 900 BCE)
- Protogeometric terracotta statuette of a centaur (half man half horse) form Lefkandi
- Called the first masterpiece of early Greek sculpture
- Identified as Cheiron, an example of a male kourotrophos (“child nurturer”)
- Found in 2 graves (possible child graves)
- Toumba Cemetery |
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- Wealthy lady’s burial, Agora, Athens (Middle-Geometric P. [c.850 BCE])
- jewellery (gold earrings made of filigree, ivory stamped seals, faience and glass beads)
- pottery (9 vases)
> Oenocheo: oil jug with narrow neck, trefoil lip and sack-like body used for pouring liquid
> Aryballos: small squat jug for storing oil and perfume
> Pyxis: handle-less box for cosmetics and jewellery
- large funerary banquet
> based on bones over 150 pounds of meat consumed
- richest geometric period grave in Athens |
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- Dipylon Vase, Athens, with scene of prothesis (LateGP, c. 750BCE)
- used as a grave marker for a female at Kerameirkos (Athenian Cemetery)
- 1.55 m in height
- first attempt to show creativity in a scene from daily life
- first human figures we have seen in 400 years > shows end of style
- scene of Prothesis = corpse on ceremonial couch with mourners (hands on head) singing laments to dead person
- the height (acme) of geometric style
- Horror of Vaculi: fear of empty spaces
- sigh of wealth for dead person |
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- ‘Lady of Auxerre’ statuette (c.640 BCE)
- Deadalic
- Probably grave marker from Crete (excavations by Stampolidis at Eleutherna
- One of the best preserved early pieces; traces of polychromy
- Rt. Hand between breasts: gesture of adoration
- limestone not marble |
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- New York Kouros, Attica (c.600 BCE)
- Wears a neck band
- Beaded hair in horizontal row
- Victorious athlete
- found in rural cemetery
- life-sized
- early development of the form and therefore anatomically incorrect
- chipped away from stone |
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- Kouroi Statues of Kleobis and Biton, Delphi (c.580 BCE)
- Argos: myth told in Herodotus: their mother was a priestess of Hera
- An example of the Argive school of sculpture (chunky style)
- Or do they depict Castor and Pollux?
- Dedicated at sanctuary of Apollo, Delphi because it was a Panhellenic Sanctuary
- rounded heads and stalky stature
- knees less defined than before |
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- Anavysos kouros from Anavysos, Attica (c.520 BCE)
- Inscription on the base is for a soldier who died, names Kroisos
- Same name as the Lydian king disposed by Persians in 546 BCE>connection?
- Served as Grave marker
- shows advances toward more naturalistic porportions and more supple contours
- archaic smile |
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- Berlin kore, Keratea, Attica (570-560 BCE)
- Likely a grave marker
- Holding a pomegranate, symbol of fertility
- Elaborate jewelry
- Polychromy
- Wearing polos {meander pattern} and Chiton
- very schematic drapery
- found in protective lead = why she was so well preserved |
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Definition
- Peplos kore, Athens (c.530 BCE)
- Most texts: wearing belted peplos which is folded over and pinned at the shoulder over ionic chiton
- Richly painted/polychrome
- New interpretation: wearing ependytes {A sheath dress of Near-Eastern origin}
- Possibly a cult image of Artemis or Athena
- marble
- 1.2 m in height
- wearing a chiton underneath peplos
- among the last korai to wear the peplos |
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