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dates-July 21, 1861
who one- confederets
Generals- Union-Brigadier General Instead, as one Confederate general put it, “our army was more disorganized by victory than that of the United States by defeat.” The exhausted victors stayed on the battlefield after the First Battle of Bull Run. The Confederate army had suffered nearly 2,000 casualties, the military term for those killed, wounded, or missing in action. Union casualties numbered about 2,900.
The Battle of Bull Run ended most northerners’ hopes for a short war. Lincoln called for a million more volunteers willing to serve for three years. The president also replaced McDowell with a brilliant 34-year-old general, George McClellan. Irvin McDowellconfederateBrigadier General Joseph E. Johnston and General P.G.T. Beauregard
other-The Union and Confederate forces met at Manassas, Virginia. Both sides planned to attack the other’s left flank with the majority of their armies. However, the confederates realized quickly the Union army’s plan and moved forces to meet the attack upon their left flank. At the same time, they were able to build up enough troops on the Union right side to overrun that flank leading to a disorderly retreat to the North. The Confederate army did not pursue the fleeing troops. |
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| Second battle of bull run |
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Location: Prince William County
Campaign: Northern Virginia Campaign (June-September 1862)
Date(s): August 28-30, 1862
Principal Commanders: Maj. Gen. John Pope [US]; Gen. Robert E. Lee and Maj. Gen. Thomas J. Jackson [CS]
- Confedurate won
On August 29 he lured Pope into battle near Manassas, on almost the same ground where the Confederates had beaten McDowell’s army a year before. At the Second Battle of Bull Run, Pope met the same fate. After Pope’s defeat, Lincoln put McClellan back in command. |
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There would soon be no army. “You are green [inexperienced] it is true,” Lincoln noted, “but they [the Confederate troops] are green, also; you are all green alike.” He decided that the army must attack.
On July 16, 1861, General McDowell began to march his 35,000-man army into Virginia. Blocking his path to Richmond were 22,000 Confederate troops located near the small town of Manassas Junction. The Confederates positioned themselves on the south side of a stream called Bull Run and waited.
McDowell’s troops took two and a half days to march the 25 miles between Washington and Manassas. “They were not used to journeys on foot,” he later explained. Their slow pace allowed the Confederate commander, P. G. T. Beauregard, to bring in 11,000 more troops by train. By the time the Union army arrived, the two forces were about equal in size.
first battle of bull run |
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By late afternoon the Union troops began to fall back. When Beauregard ordered his entire line of infantry, or foot soldiers, to charge, the Union retreat turned into a stampede. Soldiers tossed away guns, packs, and anything else that might slow them down as they ran from the battlefield.
first battle of bull run |
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Lincoln called for a million more volunteers willing to serve for three years. The president also replaced McDowell with a brilliant 34-year-old general, George McClellan. McClellan immediately set about turning some 100,000 of these three-year volunteers into a real army.
After first battle of bull run
As McClellan trained the new Army of the Potomac in Washington, D.C., other Union soldiers began to carry out General Scott’s plan to take control of the Mississippi River.To resist this tactic, they invaded western Kentucky and fortified the bluffs above the river. However, the Union attacked from the Tennessee River instead. |
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| Then some Virginia soldiers led by General Thomas Jackson rushed onto the field and stopped the Union advance, first battle of bull run “There stands Jackson like a stone wall!” Confederate general Barnard Bee shouted to his troops. “Rally behind the Virginians!” Bee was killed soon after, but Stonewall Jackson had earned his famous nickname. |
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In February 1862 seven Union gunboats and 15,000 troops led by General Ulysses S. Grant moved up the Tennessee River. The gunboats pounded Fort Henry, a Confederate fort near the Kentucky-Tennessee line, into a quick surrender.
Grant’s capture of Forts Henry and Donelson caused a sensation in both North and South.Another Union army under General Don Carlos Buell quickly advanced up the Cumberland River to capture Nashville, the capital of Tennessee. Meanwhile, Grant and about 38,000 soldiers continued south along the Tennessee River toward Corinth, Mississippi, an important railroad cent |
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| General Robert E. Lee took command of Johnston’s army and renamed it the Army of Northern Virginia |
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Lincoln replaced McClellan with General Ambrose Burnside. Soon, Burnside was marching a massive army of 110,000 men toward Richmond. He found his path blocked, however, by Lee and 75,000 Confederate soldiers on the south side of the Rappahannock River at FredericksburBurnside ordered five pontoon bridges built across the river and sent his army over them to attack. He believed his superior numbers could force Lee to retreat.
On December 13, 1862, at the Battle of Fredericksburg, Burnside ordered his troops to charge Lee’s army 14 times. Only the approach of darkness and the pleas of Burnside’s commanders halted the horrible slaughter. The Union army lost nearly 13,000 men, more than twice the number of Confederate losses. |
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By late March 1862 more than 40,000 Confederate troops from across the region had gathered at Corinth to block the Union advance. Grant, however, stopped at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee, a small river town some 20 miles away. He was waiting for 25,000 more troops that Buell had sent from Nashville. The Confederates decided to attack before Grant’s army got larger.
On April 6, 1862, the southerners surprised the Union soldiers, who were camped at Shiloh Church outside Pittsburg LandingBuell’s troops finally arrived that night and, true to his word, Grant attacked the next morning. Now facing an army much larger than their own, the Confederates were driven back. By 2:30 p.m. the Battle of Shiloh was over, and the Confederate army was in retreat.The Battle of Shiloh also ended northern hopes that the rebellion would collapse on its own. Grant wrote later that after this battle,The Battle of Shiloh opened the way for Union forces to split the Confederacy and gain complete control of the Mississippi River. Union generals began massing more than 100,000 troops at Pittsburg Landing, preparing to move south along the river
Shiloh
Other Names: Pittsburg Landing
Location: Hardin County
Campaign: Federal Penetration up the Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers (1862)
Date(s): April 6-7, 1862
Principal Commanders: Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant and Maj. Gen. Don Carlos Buell [US]; Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston and Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard [CS]
Result(s): Union victory |
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the Shenandoah Valley to join Lee. In late June their combined armies attacked McClellan in a series of bloody clashes called the Seven Days’ Battles. Although McClellan won four of the five battles, he retreated.Location: Henrico County, Virginia
Dates: June 25 – July 1, 1862
Generals: Union: George B. McClellan | Confederate: Robert E. Lee
Soldiers Engaged: Union: 103,000 | Confederate: 92,000
Outcome: Confederate Victory |
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This gave the Confederates time to organize their defenses. Finally, on September 17, 1862, the Battle of Antietam took place. Named after a creek that crossed the battlefield, Antietam was the bloodiest single-day battle of the Civil War—and of U.S. historyAgain, McClellan would not move. In early November 1862, President Lincoln relieved the general of command for the second and final time. outcomenorth did win a strategic advantage. 23,100 casualties Union: Major General George B. McClellan
Confederate: General Robert E. LeeSeptember 16-18, 1862 locations:maryland |
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On December 13, 1862, at the Battle of Fredericksburg, Burnside ordered his troops to charge Lee’s army 14 times The disaster at Fredericksburg plunged the North into gloom. When Lincoln heard the terrible news, he said, “If there is a worse place than Hell, I am in it.”Location
Fredericksburg, Virginia
Dates
December 11-15, 1862
Generals
Union: Maj. General Ambrose E. Burnside
Confederate: General Robert E. Lee
Soldiers Engaged
Union: 106,000
Confederate: 72,500
outcome- confederate |
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dates-July 21, 1861
who one- confederets
Generals- Union-Brigadier General Irvin McDowellconfederateBrigadier General Joseph E. Johnston and General P.G.T. Beauregard
other-The Union and Confederate forces met at Manassas, Virginia. Both sides planned to attack the other’s left flank with the majority of their armies. However, the confederates realized quickly the Union army’s plan and moved forces to meet the attack upon their left flank. At the same time, they were able to build up enough troops on the Union right side to overrun that flank leading to a disorderly retreat to the North. The Confederate army did not pursue the fleeing troops.
On July 21 the Union army attacked Confederate forces about 30 miles south of Washington, near a creek called Bull Run
The Union army made gains at first, but fresh Confederate troops arrived, forcing the Union army to retreat
“Hosts of federal troops … were fleeing along the road … Army wagons, sutlers’ teams [merchants’ wagons], and private carriages choked the passage, tumbling against each other amid clouds of dust … Hacks [hired carriages], containing unlucky spectators … were smashed like glass … Those on foot who could catch [horses] rode them bareback, as much to save themselves from being run over as to make quicker time.” |
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