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| The migration of slaves from the upper South to the lower South between the 1840s and 1860s. |
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| Brokers in the South who marketed planters' crops and lent money (replaced banks) |
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| De Bow's Commercial Review |
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| A publication by James D. B. De Bow of New Orleans which called for southern commercial expansion and economic independence from the North |
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| The people in the Appalachians who were opposed to secession and later formed West Virginia |
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| The stereotype of an ignorant, bumbling, dumb black slave. Sometimes slaves would intentionally act as "Sambos" in order to sabatage their masters and avoid being overworked. |
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| Gathered 1000 slaves outside of Richmond in 1800 planning a rebellion. It was given away and foiled before anything happened. |
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| Free black who reportedly had 9000 slave followers ready to revolt in 1822 but his plot was foiled before it could take action. |
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| Lad a rebellion of African Americans armed with guns and axes in 1831, killing 60 whites. |
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| the secret route which helped runaway slaves escape |
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| the language slaves created. a blend of english and various africna languages. |
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| A southern writer who wrote sad and violent stories and poems. most famous poem: "The Raven" (1845) |
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| Nathaniel Beverly Tucker, William Alexander Caruthers, and John Pendleton Kennedy |
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| Southern novelists of the 1830s who advocated the southern way of life |
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| Augustus B. Longstreet, Joseph G. Baldwin, and Johnson J. Hooper |
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| Southern writers from the 1830s whos writings were generally American |
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| the first trancendentalist from Concord, MA.Most famous work "Nature" (1836) |
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| the next big trancendentalist, "Walden" (1854). built a log cabin in the woods and lived by himself for two years |
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| Created by George Ripley in 1841 as a utopian community in West Roxbury, MA. equal labor etc. failed in 1847. |
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| Writer who was in Brook Farm. Wrote "the blithedale romance" (1852), and "the scarlet letter" (1850), and "The house of seven gables" (1851) |
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| "Village of cooperation" in Indiana in 1825, a utopian village promoting equality |
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| established in 1848 in upstate NY, by john humphrey noyes. everyone "married" to each other. |
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| Created by Joseph Smith with his new golden tablets he claimed to have recieved from God. Moved to Utah, when Smith died, Brigham Young took over |
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| Founded by "Mother" anne lee in the 1770s. gender equality and no sex. |
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| produced smallpox vaccine |
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| created first anesthetics in 1844 |
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| discovered that the disease could be spread in 1843 |
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| First secretary of the Mass Board of Education in 1837. created the idea of free public education. |
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| Sarah and Angelina Grimke, catherine beecher. harriet beecher stowe, lucretia mott, and dorothea dix were leaders of feminists, fighting for equal women's rights in seneca falls, NY in 1848 |
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| American colonization society |
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| fought to free blacks and send them back to Africa. founded Liberia in 1830. |
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| created the "Liberator" and was a staunch abolitionist. founded NE antislavery society, which led to the American antislavery society. |
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| free black abolitionist who called slavery a sin |
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| free black who spoke out against slavery in the 1830s |
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| runaway slave who bought his freedom and publicized the problems of slavery and promoted abolition with his book "Narrative in the Life of Frederick Douglass" (1845) |
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| editor of abolitionist newspaper in Illinois who was killed trying to defend his press |
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| the slave ship which was caught in 1839 which won its freedom in a court case |
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| 1842, said states didn't have to enforce 1793 fugitive slave law |
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| forbade state officials to aide in the capture of runaway slaves |
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| founded 1840, became Free Soil party, had strong antislavery senitments. |
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| with his sons and two others killed 6 pro slavery people. later led rebellion which captured Harper's ferry arsenal and were then sieged by the government until caught. |
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| 1852, Harriet Beecher Stowe. Sold 300,000 copies and created a wave of abolitionism in the US by revealing some of the evils of slavery |
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| young immigrant from Missouri who established one of the first legal settlements in Texas in 1822 |
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| General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna |
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| seized power to become dictator of Mexico, began fights between Texas and Mexico (1835-36) |
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| Texas general Sam Houston defeated mexican army and took dictator santa anna prisoner, so that MEx. gave Tex. freedom. |
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| General during mexican american war, seized parts of North Eastern Mexico. then elected president, tried to get Cali in as free state, failed. then died just before compromise of 1850. |
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| revolt staged by Colonel Stephen W. Kearney and explorer John C. Fremont which captured Cali. |
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| took control of Mexican war, took mexico city ending the war. |
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| Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo |
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| Negotiated by Nicholas Trist in 1848, brought California and New Mexico under US control and set Texas border as Rio Grande. Less of Mexico than some people wanted. |
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| tacked on to $2 million bill for peace with mexico, tried to outlaw slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico. failed in senate. |
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| or "squatter sovereignty", gave individual states the vote on whether or not to have slavery. |
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| people, mostly single men, who dropped everything to go try to mine gold in cali. mostly unsuccessful but some got rich. |
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| Taylor's vice, took office when he died. Signed 1850 comp. |
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| senator from Illinois who proposed breaking up large compromise bill to pass parts individually. also got Kansas-Nebraska act passed in an effort to get transcontinental railroad to go through chicago |
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| Elected in 1852, supported "Young America" movement, which was a group which tried to spread America's democracy to the world. |
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| 1853 bought a strip of Mexico which became parts of New Mexico and Arizona |
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| formed in 1854 as a response to the Kansas-Nebraska act. very sectional party. |
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| John Brown's nighttime murder of 5 pro slavery people in 1855 |
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| written by John C. Calhoun in 1837. Called slavery a "positive good" |
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| Democrat who became president in 1856. very timid and indecisive. depression struck right as he was elected. |
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| Dred Scott was a slave who lived in free territory and sued for freedom when his master died. he was denied freedom by the supreme court and said that since slaves were property, congress couldn't take them away from people without "due process of law" (1857) |
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| the pro-slavery constitution written for Kansas which was repeatedly voted down. |
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| The fort that the Union held in South Carolina after the secession. the war began when in 1861 the confederates fired on it and Major Robert Anderson had to surrender it. |
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| 1862, permitted any citizen or prospective citizen to purchase 160 acres of public land for a small fee after living on it for 5 years |
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| 1862, gave public lands to states, which sold the land to finance public education. |
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| 1863-64, created a new national banking system in which banks could invest 1/3 of their capital in the govt. and could issue US Treasury notes as currency |
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| Union general who trained armies well but was hesitent to attack. didnt attack Richmond when Lincoln ordered him to do so. nominated for Pres by Dems. in 1864, but lost. |
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| slaves used to fight the Union were free, 1861 |
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| 1862, freed slaves of anyone supporting confederacy and gave president power to use blacks as soldiers. |
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| Emancipation Proclamation |
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| Issued by Lincoln in 1863. said all slaves in the confederacy were free. |
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| confederate president from Mississippi. named pres. in 1861. |
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| Confederate VP. in 1861 from Georgia |
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| allowed soldiers to eat any crops they found. |
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| subjected all white males between 18 and 35 to 3 years of military service |
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| secretary of state for Union during the war. considered one of the best ever at his job, got England and France not to interfere. |
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| Confed. Secretary of State. intelligent, but did mostly routine stuff. |
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| two confederat diplomats got to cuba and boarded an English ship to go to England. US found out, captured them. England go mad because capturing an unarmed neutral ship violated international law, and made Union release the diplomats. |
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| Union general who captured atlanta and nashville, then made "March to the Sea" in which he destroyed and burnde everything in a 60 mile wide swath from tenessee to the sea. eventually, Joseph E. Johnson surrendered to him, officially ending the war. |
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