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Civil Rights- Chapter 29
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26
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2nd Grade
04/30/2012

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Term
Plessy v. Ferguson
Definition
court case that established "separate but equal" facilities for blacks and whites
Term
Thurgood Marshall
Definition
NAACP lawyer who was involved in the Brown v. Board of Education case
Term
Brown v. Board of Education
Definition
court decision that ruled segregation in schools unconstitutional
Term
How did World WWII set the stage for the Civil Rights Movement?
Definition
1. African Americans served in the army
2. African Americans went to work
3. African Americans started fighting for their rights
Term
Little Rock Nine
Definition
Black students that volunteered to integrate Central High School; whites tried to stop them from going to school
Term
Rosa Parks
Definition
African American woman who refused to give up her seat on a bus for a white person and was arrested
Term
Martin Luther King Jr.
Definition
African American leader of the Civil Rights movement; known for his leadership in SCLC and his famous "I Have a Dream" speech
Term
SCLC
Definition
Southern Christian Leadership Conference; used nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience
Term
civil disobedience
Definition
refusing to obey unfair laws
examples: sit-ins, marches
Term
SNCC
Definition
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee; group of students that fought segregation; involved in the sit-ins and Freedom Rides
Term
sit-ins
Definition
when African Americans sat at segregated lunch counters and refused to leave
Term
Freedom Rides
Definition
whites and blacks rode on buses to challenge segregation in bus terminals
Term
James Meredith
Definition
first African American student at University of Mississippi; faced violence
Term
March on Washington
Definition
1963 march to persuade Congress to pass a civil rights bill
-MLK gave his "I Have a Dream" speech here
Term
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Definition
made discrimination based on race, religion and gender illegal and public places open to all people
Term
Freedom Summer
Definition
college students from the North went down South to help African Americans register to vote
Term
Fannie Lou Hamer
Definition
civil rights activist that tried to get seats in Mississippi's all-white Democratic Party; they were only offered 2 seats
Term
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Definition
people could not be denied the right to vote based on race
Term
de facto segregation
Definition
segregation by practice or custom
Term
de jure segregation
Definition
segregation by law
Term
Malcolm X
Definition
leader in the Nation of Islam; believed that blacks should live separate from whites
Term
Stokely Carmichael
Definition
leader of SNCC who first used the phrase Black Power
Term
Black Power
Definition
belief that African Americans should develop pride in their race and lead their own organizations
Term
Black Panthers
Definition
group that believed in self-defense and helping people living in ghettos
Term
Civil Rights Act of 1968
Definition
ended discrimination in housing
Term
affirmative action
Definition
making special efforts to hire people from minority groups
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