• Suffrage=right to vote=enfranchisement
• Seneca Falls--Sojourner Truth "Ain't I a woman started the combination of abolitionists and woman's rights activists
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Phyllis Schlafly
• 1913 march on Pennslyvania Ave.
• Lucy Stone first woman to keep maiden name.

dividing government power among legislative, executive, and judicial branches. Legislature= make only the laws Executive= enforce laws Judicial= interpret the meaning of laws Guard against tyranny because not government official or branch of government could gain too much power Baron de Montesquieu believed government should be divided into three branches

created judicial review which is the power to say if something is unconstitutional the court overturned the judiciary act of 1789 and decided the supreme court did not have original jurisdiction

voting takes place in polling places or... absentee ballots research: pamphlet interwebs campaign adds has to be a us citizen 18 or older, has to register, must have legal residency

1st ten amendments, are bill of rights

1st amendment: freedom of: speech, press, religion, petition, assembly

2nd Amendment:gun control, protection

3rd amendment: quartering of troops, during times of peace congress cannot force you to house

4th amendment: no unlawful searches/seizures can't search without a warrant, privacy

5th amendment: can't be forced to witness against one's self no double jeopardy (can't be tried twice for the same crime), fair trial, emenant domain ( government can take away land for fair market value, indict (what are you being tried for?), grand jury

5th 6th 7th 8th rights of the accused

court decided that woman's privacy rights (14th) were being violated, ruled that the right to seek an abortion was a privacy right, decided that the law in Texas was too broad and made no distinctions between early and late abortions, split up a woman's pregnacy into trimesters

decided that congress had the power to create a national bank and Maryland did not have power to tax national bank, established that congress is not limited to powers that are expressly granted it in the constitution

•obey laws

•defend the nation

•serving on a jury or as a witness in court

•serving on a jury or as a witness in court

•paying taxes

•attending school

•working towards the common good (acting in ways that protect the rights and freedoms of other Americans to make communities good places to live)

•voting(get info. so you can vote prepared) •holding government office

•Participating in election compaigns

•influencing government (express opinion) •serving the community

can be applied to new situations, racial discrimination, woman, 14th amendment gives all citizens equal protection under the law

can't be changed, color of skin, region of your ancestors, defined by look, facial features, and background, disease different

can be changed, culture (separate from race), traditions, foods, religions, languages, holidays, music

live in tee pees, smoke signals, reservations, casinos, tomahauk, scalping, feather headresses, low voices, poor language skills, red skin, totem poles, drunks (savages) (close to nature) (sinners)

• Amendment 5 (miranda)
  • right to due process
  • indictment by a grand jury
  • no self-incrimination
  • no double jeopardy
  • eminent domain
• Amendment 6 (Gideon)
  • speedy trial
  • legal counsel-for criminal cases
• Amendment 7 (Scottsboro Boys)
  • no excessive bail
  • no cruel and unusual punishment

 marble cake mixed responsibilities like...

taxes

roads

borrowing money

health and safety

layer cake seperate powers

public schools

state elections

surface streets

local gov't

Declaration of war

cross border trade regulation

foreign relations

coining money

• started in Seneca Falls in 1848
• at convention discussed: equal access to education, employment, and suffrage (rights for women)
• many abolitionists were apart of women's movement
• After civil war, susan b. anthony and elizabeth stanton thought that women might get the right to vote because women contributed to war
• 1869 anthony and stanton organized national women's suffrage association- supports making an amendment to give all american women right to vote
• first place to allow women to vote: territory of wyoming
• western states: washington, CA, arizona, kansas, oregon allowed voting for women in later years
• 1920 women vote!

The arguments against:

• Amendment made during war when people had to protect themselves
• Allowing guns to the population helps criminals achieve their aims
• Amendment made when everything was more rural and there was less development in the cities

The arguments for:

• Right that people should have – if government becomes tyrannical, people can overthrow
• People should be allowed the opportunity to protect themselves
• The right is in the bill of rights and it would be unconstitutional to take that right away.
• Bill o' Rights (2nd amendment)
  • gives all citizens the right to bear arms

What are the constitutional issues relative to the Supreme Court cases Tinker v. Des Moines and Village of Skokie v. Nazi Party.  In your answer, briefly describe the events of each case, applicable Constitutional amendments, and the Supreme Court’s decision.

• 1st amendment rights
• Village of Skokie v. Nazi Party
  • court took away 1st amendment rights and that was not just.
• Tinker v. Des Moines
  • students don't shed their rights at the school gate.

• food (i.e. thai food, chinese food, italian food)
• music (i.e. salsa, reggae)
• holidays (st. patricks day, chinese new year)
• America= Mosaic b/c diff. cultures coming together and contributing to the big picutre, american culture, not melting pot b/c everybody is not 1 american culture

5th 

to due process (read your rights, carry out a law in main fashion)

right to grand jury

no double feopardy

no self incrimination

eminent domain

Miranda v. Arizona: not read rights, has to have rights read according to 5th amendment

6th

speedy trial

right to councel

Gideon v. Wainwright- decided that all poor persons on trial have the right to a councel, everyone has right to councel

8th

no cruel and unusual punishments

Scottsboro boys- got sentenced to really long sentences, but that was counted as a cruel and unusual punishment, and excessive

• Florida Seminoles were exempt from the ban of racial mascots because they had gotten permission from the tribe and worked closely with them
• For
  • that by using them as a mascot they are honoring them.
  • compliment because it is showing that they think they are strong.
• Against
  • that many times the image of the mascot doesn't represent the actual people at all because they are very stereotyped
  • that they are showing them as savages because they fight and are agressive and there are a lot of bad connotations that come with mascots.

Marbury v. Madison is one of the early cases that defined the powers of the Supreme Court. What was the decision of the case  and why was it so important?

• The court decided that they did not have original jurisidiction for cases involving high officials
• the court overturned the judiciary act of 1789
• this gave the court the power of judicial review: to say if something is constitional or not
• this is important because it established the supreme courts main power

How did the case Gideon v. Wainwright affect the way trials are conducted in the United States? Be sure to mention any applicable Constitutional amendments.

• the case made it that courts/states had to provide councel for any poor persons and everyone who asks in trial.
• 6th amendment- right to councel

• political party=faction=an organization of citizens who wish to influence and control government by getting their members elected to office.
• political divide in the country
• the parties will only work for the good of the party instead of for the country.
• political parties are becoming comercial too much to do with money

Executive Order 9066 was never declared unconstitutional, but the united states government has officially apologized for it.  Describe these two different reactions towards it.

• Proposals
• 2/3 vote in congress (2/3 in senate and house)
• 2/3 of states request an amendment to Constitution

Ratification

• 3/4 state legistlatures (elected officials)
• 3/4 of state conventions (regular citizens)

• select candidates
• provide leadership
• set goals
• act watchdogs
• help get citizens' voices heard.
• inform citizens

Legistlative

may impeach federal judges

may override a presidential veto

Approves appointment of judges

Approves treates

may impeach president

Executive

Appoints federal judges

may veto acts of congress

may call congress into special session

Judicial

may interpret laws

may declare laws unconstitutional

may interpret treaties

may declare executive acts unconstitutional

• Federalism (separation of states and federal government)
• seperation of powers (within federal government)
• checks and balances (within federal government)

1. Preamble- purpose of govern.:  defend justice, liberty, provide peace, and safety  from foreign enemies 
2. Articles- set up government (legistlative, executive,  judicial and so on)
3. Amendments (27 in total, first ten= bill of rights)

• same # of electors as congress members
• 538 electors total
• In order to win and election you need at least 270 electoral votes

• general election=voters make FINAL decision about the candidates
• you must register to vote and then go to the polls-- in the past years about half of eligible citizens go to the polls.
• candidates use several methods to get your vote--direct mail.
• interest groups and PACs also try to get you to vote for their party affiliation.
• media and bias media as well
• campaign manager and press secretary are the most important in a camp.
• fundraising=VERY VERY IMPORTANT!!!!!!!!!
• incumbents often get advantage