Term
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Definition
- combine acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate to form citrate
- enzyme: citrate synthase
- highly exergonic
- stimulated by ADP, inhibited by NADH, ATP, and succinyl CoA
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Term
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Definition
- formation from citrate to isocitrate with cis-aconitate intermediate that is hydrated
- enzyme: aconitase
- endergonic
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Term
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Definition
- oxidation of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate and CO2
- enzyme: isocitrate dehydrogenase
- formation of first NADH and CO2 of cycle
- irreversible due to creation of CO2
- inhibit by ATP, activate by Ca and ADP
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Term
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Definition
- oxidation of alpha-ketoglutarate to succinyl CoA and CO2
- enzyme: alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
- mechanism identical to PDH
- 2nd NADH and CO2 of cycle created (irreversible)
- inhibit by succinyl CoA, stim by Ca
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Term
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Definition
- Substrate level phosphorylation, producing GTP and forming succinate
- enzyme: succinyl-CoA synthetase
- thioester removal provides energy to complete formation of NTP
- synthetases require nucleoside triphosphates in reactions
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Term
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Definition
- Succinate dehydrogenation to create fumarate
- enzyme: succinate dehydrogenase
- creates only FADH2 of the cycle
- fumarate is the trans product (cis product maleate is not created)
- malonate is a competitive inhibitor
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Term
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Definition
- Hydration of fumarate to form malate
- enzyme: fumarase
- carbanion intermediate
- only forms L-malate, not D-malate
- exergonic
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Term
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Definition
- formation of oxaloacetate from L-malate
- enzyme: malate dehydrogenase
- 3rd NADH formed
- highly endergonic, pulled forward by step 1
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