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| Path through an internetwork through which packets are forwarded. |
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| The IP address of the originating host that is placed into the IP packet header. |
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| The Layer 3 address to which the data is going. |
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| The header defined by the IP. Used to create IP packets by encapsulating data supplied by a higher-layer protocol (such as TCP) behind an IP header. |
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| The process by which a router receives an incoming frame, discards the data-link header and trailer, makes a forwarding decision based on the destination IP address, adds a new data-link header and trailer based on the outgoing interface, and forwards the new frame out the outgoing interface. |
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Definition
| The passage of a data packet between two network nodes (for example, between two routers). |
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Term
| Directly Connected network |
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Definition
| A network that is connected to a device's interface. For example, networks that interface with the router are known to be directly connected. Devices learn their initial IP routes based on being connected to these subnets. |
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| Communication where the sender and receiver must prearrange for communications to occur; otherwise, the communication fails. |
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| Any communication in which the sender and receiver do not prearrange for communications to occur. |
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| Resources used to manage or operate the network. overhead consumes bandwidth and reduces the amount of application data that can be transported across the network. |
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| Network protocols or technologies that do not use the acknowledgment system to guarantee reliable delivery of information. |
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| The networking layers whose processes are not affected by the media being used. In Ethernet, these are all the layers from the LLC sublayer of data link upward. |
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Term
| Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) |
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Definition
| The largest IP packet size allowed to be sent out a particular interface. Ethernet interfaces default to an MTU of 1500 because the data field of an Ethernet frame should be limited to 1500 bytes, and the IP packet sits inside the Ethernet Frame's data field. |
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Definition
| The dividing of IP datagrams to meet the MTU requirements of a Layer 2 protocol. |
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Definition
| A field in the IP header that prevents a packet from indefinitely looping around an IP internetwork. Routers decrement the TTL field each time they forward a packet, and if the decrement the TTL to 0, the router discards the packet, which prevents it from looping forever. |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of IP addresses that have the same value in the first part of the IP addresses, for the purpose of allowing routing to identify the group by that initial part of the addresses. IP addresses in the same subnet typically sit on the same network medium and are not separated from each other by any routers. IP addresses on different subnets are typically separated from one another by at least one router. Subnet is short for subnetwork. |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of IP addresses that have the same value in the first part of the IP addresses, for the purpose of allowing routing to identify the group by that initial part of the addresses. IP addresses in the same subnet typically sit on the same network medium and are not separated from each other by any routers. IP addresses on different subnets are typically separated from one another by at least one router. Subnet is short for subnetwork. |
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Definition
| A logical network composed of all the computers and networking devices that can be reached by sending a from to the data link layer broadcast address. |
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| An addressing scheme in which a network is partitioned into sections, with the section identifier forming one part of each destination's address and the destination identifier forming another. |
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| A group of 8 binary bits. It is similar to, but not the same as, a byte. One application in computer networking is to use octets to divide IPv4 addresses into four components. |
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Definition
| A device on a network that serves as an access point to other networks. A default gateway is used by a host to forward IP packets that have destination addresses outside the local subnet. A router interface typically is used as the default gateway. When the computer needs to send a packet to another subnet, it send the packet to its default gateway. Also known as default router. |
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Definition
| A list that a router holds in memory for the purpose of deciding how to forward packets. |
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Definition
| Routing table entry that is used to direct frames for which a next hop is not explicitly listed in the routing table. This route is used to forward a packet when no other known route exists for a given packet's destination address. |
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Definition
| An entry in an IP routing table that was created because a network engineer entered the routing information into the router's configuration. |
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| Routing that adjusts automatically to network topology or traffic changes. |
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Definition
| A protocol used between routers so that they can learn routes to add to their routing tables. |
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