Application Software

• Programs that enable you to do something useful with the computer, such as writing or accounting
• (Opposed to utilities, which are programs that help you maintain the computer)

• All the software used to operate and maintain a computer system, including the operating system and utility programs

GUI

• Graphical User Interface
• An Interface between the operating system and the user
• Graphical user interfaces are the most popular of all use interfaces but also require the most system resources.

Windows

• Rectangular boxes that are presented in the users monitor

Ribbons

• GUI element composed of a strip across the top of the window that exposes all functions that the program can perform in signle place

• PDF- portable digital file, available to all networks, platform neutral

• Spreadsheets are seperated by columns and rows and are for what if analyses
• They contain cells with numeric or text

What does a cell phone hold?

• A cell phone holds text/numerics

What is text?

• labels or notes

What is numeric?

• Numeric is functions or formulas

• A database is a collection of tables, a subset of information

Data Warehousing

• Data warehousing is not always accurate
• Used to store corporate memory

• Cut/Paste

What is object embossing?

• Object embossing is a static snapshot

What is object linking?

• Object linking is dynamic and it updates
• Example: if you change a table in excel, it changes the same table pasted in a word document

What are the two kinds of computer graphics?

• Raster
• Vector

• Images formed by a pattern of tiny dots, each of which corresponds to a pixel on the computer's displayed

• An image composed of distinct objects, such as lines or shapes, that may be moved or edited independently. 
• Each object is described by a complex mathematical formula

• What you see is what you get
• Explanation for web authoring

What is the ultimate goal?

• Posting a website

What does Outlook do and what is it?

• Outlook administers email, personal tracking information
• PIM= personal information manager

What is system software?

• System software is firmware and is never changed
• It manages and controls the hardware
• System software loads to provide a platform for the Operating System

What is a cold boot?

• Starting up the computer from scratch

What is a warm boot?

• Restarting a computer that was already running

• Basic input output system, which is the firmware programming
• The firmware programming is the read-only memory (ROM) that's built into the computers memory that contains the instructions needed to start the computer and work with input and output devices

What happens with the OS everytime a computer turns on?

• Everytime the computer turns on, the OS configures the hardware settings
• The settings are stored in a a registry
• Hardware settings come first
• System utilities like anti-virus are second

Strong passwords and passwords

• Strong passwords use many of the 256 characters
• Passwords are never foolproof

Network Administrator

• A network administrator gets to see EVERYTHING

What is a orderly exit?

• Orderly exit is when the computer shuts off correctly and knows how to come back on

What is a TMP?

• TMP files come from un-orderly exit, temporary files

What is Virtual memory?

• Virtual memory is the technique of breaking files apart from secondary memory into smaller files called pages or swap files to be used in RAM

• All input and output devices use a driver

What is the user interface?

• User interface is what the user sees and can understand/interact with

• Defragmentation is when files are reorgranized on the harddrive disk so that the computer can run faster
• Takes all the information on the outside of the disk and puts it in the middle

What is a backup device?

• A backup device is one external from the computer

• Antivirus is the main utility and RAM user on a computer

• System update is for new programming or drivers

What is a file management system and what can it do?

• File managment systems are like file cabinets that organize but can also search since they are on a GUI (Graphical User Interface)

• Most businesses have the same core business functional behaviors
• These are the necessary core activites that must be done to run a business
  • Accounting, HR, marketing, research and development, production

• GAAP is the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles which are rules for presenting financial statements
• They ensure reports are fair, under the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002

What is most important to a business?

• People are most important to a business and HR (Human Relations) administers people

• Marketing is used for the promotion aspect

What is the purpose of Research and Development?

• Research and Development is the idea portion, they have a broad grasp of everything, they use a systematic approach

What does product development deal with?

• Product development deals with goods
  • Tangible is goods
  • Intangible is advice and consulting
    • Data is raw and information is processed, they are simply tools for decision making

Data and Information Software Techniques

• Data and Information software techniques can be organized as electronic computing tools
• Whereas collaborative software and techniques can be categorized as managment tools

What is the first post on a discussion board?

• First post: A thread

What is knowledge management system (KM)?

• Knowledge management system (KM) is a mini google for a business, for distribution of ideas and knowledge transfer
• Most reports are periodic, they are produced at given intervals, daily, weekly, or monthly

• Ad Hoc means produced at the needed instant, called demand reports

• Strategic decisions are long term for specific goals

What is a Tactical decision?

• Tactical decisions are specific actions for large purpose

• TPS is transaction processing system
• System that handles the day-to-day operations of a company
  • Examples: sales, purchases, orders, and returns
• TPS is a database

What do all report configurations have?

• All report configurations have same end value
• They are either detailed, summarized, or completely summarized

• Trend reporting is weekly reporting that looks for tendencies
• Reports are used to make tactical decisions like number of orders for the next week
• Reports are used to make strategic decisions like whether or not to stay in the lumber business
• Best Variance is 0

What is management level Reporting?

• Management level reporting is the level of detail in a report or summarization approcpriate for a certain level of employees regardless of report type.
• Reports with consideration to the Hierachy of the business

What is the hierarchy of reports?

• Executive reports are the most summarized
• Management is semi-summarized
• Supervisory is the most detailed and is generated directly from the transaction processing system

• People on the computer are clients
• The computer system is a server

What is the benefit of networking computers?

• Economics
• People can share peripherals
  • example: everyone can print from one printer, everyone can use the same software
• Network servers save info versus normal manual backup
• Internet can be wired for all computers whereas no network requires 15 seperate connections

What are the four basic components for a network?

• Network Interface Controller (NIC)- allows for a network cable to be plugged in so the box can communicate with other computers on the network
  • MAC address identifies each computer so that every computer on a network can be uniquely identified
• Protocol- Standard form of communication or language on a network
• Network cables- physical cables that connect the network together, specialized wires with adapters to pluf into the NIC; the most common type of cable used is called twisted pair
• Hub- most common is ethernet hub, central location of the computer network
  • Serves as a traffic cop for network connection and communication
  • Eliminates collisions between computer traffic

TCP/IP

• Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
• Breaks down large files into smaller, more manageable pieces, called packets.
• Packets are sent to recieving computer on the network and then reassembled in the correct order

• Send an entire file at once in a streaming fashion
  • Example: streaming video (youtube)

• Typology refers to the mapping of a physical network and logical interconnections between nodes.
• Simply stated: the way the network is arranged and laid out.

What is a Node?

• A Node is and deivice that is connected as part of a computer network
  • Including computers, hubs, printers, switches, ect.

Most common types of topology?

• Bus Topology
• Star Topology
• Ring Topology

• Bus topology or linear bus is a network topolofy where all of the nodes of the network are connected to a common linear backbone with two endpoints.
• Data is transmitted between the two endpoints and the nodes are connected to this backbone.
• Disadvantage: if the backbone goes down all of the nodes on the backbone are down as well

• gets its name from its star shape with all the nodes connected to a common central node in a hub.
• If the central hub fails, all the connected nodes fail

Ring Topology

• Shaped like a ring where each computer (node) is connected to two other computers in the network and with the first and last computers being connected to each other.
• Data is transmitted from one node to another in a circular manner.
• Least used topology with microcomputers.

• Local Area Network (LAN)
• Serve small businesses or small parts of large businesses

CAN

• Campus Area Network (CAN)
• Connects two or more LANs

• Wide Area Network (WAN)
• Computer network over a large geographical area that connects LANs CANs and MANs together
• Many times, WANs rely on telephone company's transmissions to connect the ssmaller networks together

MAN

• Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
• Connects two or more LANs or CAN's together but within the boundaries of a town or city

• Peer to Peer (P2P) connect without a server, computer to computer directly, no client/server

• Private version of teh internet that work only within a computer network

• Firewall is a specialized hardware and software that ensures that only authorized personnel within an organization can use an organization's intranet.