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Definition
| continous electronic waves that humans understand |
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Definition
| only computers can understand |
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Definition
| converting digital to analog |
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Definition
| converting from analog to digital |
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Definition
Connectivity is the concept related
to using computer networks to link
people and resources. You can link
and connect to large computers and
the Internet providing access to
extensive information resources. |
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Term
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Definition
Communications Systems transmit
data from one location to another.
Four basic elements are:
•Send and receiving devices
•Communication channel
(transmission medium)
•Connection (communication) devices
•Data transmission specifications |
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Term
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Definition
Communications channels carry data
from one computer to another.
Physical Connections
Physical connections use a solid
medium to connect sending and
receiving devices. These connections
include telephone lines (twisted pair),
coaxial cable, and fiber optic cable.
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Definition
Wireless connections use air rather
than solid substances to connect
devices. Four types of devices
include:
•Infrared –uses light waves over a
short distance; line of sight
communication.
•Broadcast radio –uses transceivers
to collect radio waves. Wi-Fi is
standard. •Microwave –uses high frequency
radio waves; line-of-sight
communication; uses microwave
stations and dishes; Bluetooth is a
widely used short-range standard.
•Satellite –microwave relay station in
the sky to uplink and downlink data;
GPS provides global positioning to
track geographic locations. |
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Term
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Definition
Modems modulate (convert digital
signals to analog) and demodulate.
Transfer speed (rate) is measured in
bits per second. Four types of
conventional modems are external,
internal, PC Card modem, and
Wireless.
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Term
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Definition
Dial-up services are standard
telephone lines and conventional
modems, T1, T2, T3, and T4 support
very high speed, all digital
transmission. More affordable
technologies include DSL (Digital
Subscriber Line), cable modems,
satellite/air, and cellular services (3G
cellular networks). |
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Term
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Definition
Bandwidth is a measure of a
communication channel’s width or
capacity. Three bandwidths are
voiceband (voice grade or low
bandwidth), medium band (uses
leased lines), and broadband (high-
capacity transmissions). Protocols are
rules for exchanging data. TCP/IP is a
standard internet protocol.
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Term
Networks- Nodes Client Server |
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Definition
Computer networks connect two or
more computers. Some specialized
network terms include:
•Node –any device connected to a
network
•Client –node requesting resources
•Server –node providing resources;
specialized servers such as
application, communication, database,
file, printer and Web servers are called
dedicated servers. |
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Term
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Definition
•Hub –center or central node.
•NIC (network interface cards) –LAN
adapter card for connecting to a
network.
•NOS (network operating system) –
controls and coordinates network
operations. |
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Term
Distributed Processing Host Computer Network Manager |
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Definition
•Distributed processing –system
where processing is located and
shared at different locations.
•Host computer –large centralized
computer.
•Network manager (administrator) –
network specialist responsible for
network operations.
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Term
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Definition
•Local area networks (LANs) connect
nearby devices.
•Home networks are LANs in homes.
•Metropolitan area networks (MANs,
regional networks) link office buildings
within a city.
•Wide area networks (WANs) can span
worldwide and are the largest.
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Term
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Definition
network’s configuration=
topology, Principal topologies are star
networks , bus
networks, ring network,
hierarchical
network
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Term
network archive Strategies : Terminal Network System Client/server network sytem peer 2 peer network system |
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Definition
a way of
sharing information and resources.
Common strategies include:
•Terminal network system –
centralized computer distributes power
to several computers.
•Client/Server network system –client
computer request resources form
server computers. •Peer-to-peer network system –each
computer acts as both a server and a
client. Gnutella supports peer-to-peer
file sharing. |
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Term
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Definition
Intranets are private networks within
an organization that resemble the
Internet. Like the Internet, they use
browsers, Web sites, and Web pages.
Unlike the Internet, intranets are
available only to those within the
organization. |
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Definition
Extranets are similar to intranets,
except that extranets connect more
than one organization. Extranets are
often used to connect suppliers and
producers to increase efficiency. |
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Term
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Definition
A firewall is a security system to
protect against external threats. It
consists of both hardware and
software. All communications into and
out of an organization pass through a
special security computer called a
proxy server. |
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Term
Identity Theft Mistaken Identity Freedom of Info Act |
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Definition
Identity theft is the illegal
assumption of someone’s identity
for the purpose of economic gain.
Mistaken identity occurs when an
electronic profile of one person is
switched with another.
Freedom of Information Act
entitles individuals access to
governmental records relating to
them.
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Definition
computer ethics issues are
privacy, accuracy, property, and access organizations monitor
employee e-mail and computer
files using special software |
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Term
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Definition
Many people believe that, while
using the Web, as long as they are
selective about disclosing their
name and other personal
information, little can be done to
invade their privacy. |
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Term
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Definition
Spyware= secretly records and reports an individuals
activity on the Internet. Web bugs
and Computer monitoring=sniffer
programs, keystroke loggers
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Definition
Malicious Programs
Malware includes viruses and
Trojan Horses (enters a computer
disguised as something else).
Virus checkers alert users when
certain viruses and worms enter
their systems. |
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Term
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Definition
Denial of service attack (DoS) is
an attempt to shut down or stop a
computer system or network. It
floods the computer or network
with requests for information and
data. Servers under attack are
unable to respond to legitimate
users.
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Term
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Definition
Theft takes many forms including
stealing hardware, software, data,
and computer time. Unauthorized
copying of programs is called
software piracy and protected by
the SoftwareCopyright Act of
1980.
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Term
Encrypting Biometric Scanning Ergonomics |
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Definition
coding info so that only the user can read it device that checks for fignerprints or retinal scans Ergonomics is the study of
human factors related to things
people use, including
computers. Aspects include:
•Physical Health
•Mental Health
•Design
Computers are being designed for
easier and healthier use. There is a
trend toward simplifyingfeatures
offered in new models.
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Term
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Definition
•Cynicism
•Naiveté
•Frustration
•Proactivity
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Term
| Organization Info Flow Functions |
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Definition
a.) Accounting= Tracks all financial activity. This department records bills and other financial transactions. It also produces financial statements including budgets and forecasts of financial performance.
b) Marketing=Handles planning, pricing, promoting, selling and distributing goods and services to customers. They are also involved in creating a customer newsletter that is distributed via the corporate Web page
c) Human Resources= Finds and hires people and handles matters such as sick leave and retirement benefits. In addition, it is concerned with evaluation, compensation, and professional development.
d) Production= Takes in raw materials and people work to turn out finished goods or services. It may be a manufacturing activity or an operations activity.
e) Research= Conducts basic research and relates new discoveries to the firm’s current or new products department. Research people explore new ideas and use this knowledge to design new products.
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Term
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Definition
a) Supervisors
Manage and monitor the employees and workers, those who actually produce goods and services. Thus, these managers have the responsibility relating to operational matters. They monitor day-to-day events and immediately take corrective action, if necessary. b) Middle management
Deal with control, planning (also called tactical planning), and decision making. They implement the long-term goals or the organization. c.) Top management
Concerned with long-range planning (also called strategic planning). They need information that will help them plan the future growth and direction or the organization.
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