The heart is composed of ___ layers of tissue:

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d. 4

e. 5

Blood is transported to and from all the tissues of the body with the exception of the lungs is in the...

a. venous circulation

b. pulmonary curcuit

c. arterial circulation

d. portal circulation

e. systemic circulation

The serous membrane lining the pericardial cavityis the

a. pericardium

b. endocardium

c. myocardium

d. medistinum

e. pleura

During ventricular systole, the

a. pressure in the ventricles declines

b. ventricles are relaxed

c. atria are contracting

d. ventricles are filling

e. AV valves are closed

The epicardium is also called the 

a. visceral pericardium

b. pericardial sac

c. parietal pericardium

d. pericardial cavity

e. fibrous pericardium

Functions of the endocardium include

a. covering the outer surface of the heart

b. forming the atria and ventricles of the heart

c. covering the inner surfaces of the heart, including the valves

d. covering the interatrial septum

e. all of the above

Most of the thickness of the heart wall is the

a. fibrous pericardium

b. parietal and visceral layers of the epicardium

c. endocardium

d. connective tissue

e. myocardium

Cardiac muscles differs from the other muscle tissue in

a. having fewer mitochondria

b. having fibers connected to one another at intercalated disks

c. having striations

d. no ways; it is not unusual

e. haing larger sized fivers thatn other striated muscles

Exchange vessels are

a. venules

b. capillaries

c. arterioles

d. arteries

e. all of the above

The border between the atria and the ventricles is...

a. impossible to identify externally

b. marked by the interventricular sulci

c. at the midsagitall plane

d. marked by the coronary sulcus

e. none of the above

The inferior tip of the hear is the

a. pulmonary surface

b. base

c. anterior surgace

d. apex

e. sternocostal surface

Prominent muscular ridges that run along the inner surface of the auricle and across the adjacent atrial wall are the

a. foramen ovale

b. pectinate muscles

c. papillary muscles

d. trabeculae carneae

e. chordae tendineae

Externally the posterior and inferior portions of the left ventricle form the

a. right border

b. left border

c. sternocostal surgace

d. superior border

e. diaphragmatic surface

Blood travels from the right atrium to the right ventricle through the

a. fossa ovalis

b. conus arteriosus

c. mitral valve

d. semilunar valve

e. tricuspid valve

Grooves on the external surface of the heart that divide the right and left ventricles include the

a. lateral sulcus

b. anterior interventricular sulcus

c. coronary fissure

d. posterior interventricular sulcus

e. b and d

Blood is supplied to the muscle of the heart through the

a. interventricular septum

b. coronary arteries

c. conus arteriosus

d. cardiac sinus

e. pulmonary ateries

The grooves on the outside of the heart contain

a. cardiac veins

b. anastomes

c. fat

d. coronary arteries

e. all of the above

The left atrium receives blood from the

a. pulmonary trunk

b. mitral valve

c. coronary arteries

d. aorta

e. pulmonary veins

The left ventricle

a. receives blood from the left atrium through the tricuspid valve

b. the thinner muscular walls than does the right ventricle

c. pumps blood out of the heart to the pulmonary circuit

d. sends blood out through the aortic semilunar valve to the systemic circulation

e. does all of the above

The left ventricle is associated with all of the following except that

a. papillary muscles

b. bicuspid valve

c. aorta

d. traveculae cameae

e. pulmonary trunk

the right ventricle pumps blood into the

a. pulmonary arteries

b. pulmonary semilunar valves

c. vena cava

d. pulmonary veins

e. aorta

Which of the following valves is assisted in functioning by the papillary muscles?

a. tricuspid valve

b. bicuspid valve

c. right atrioventricular valve

d. left atrioventricular valve

e. all of the above

Which of the following is true of the cornary arteries?

a. together they supply part of the heart muscle with oxygen

b. they originate at the base of the aorta and are the first banch off this vessel

c. they open and close in pulsation with the contraction and relaxation of the heart ventricles

d. they branch off the pulmonary veins

e. none of the above are true

Which of the following is an incorrect association?

a. semilunar-pulmonary valve

b. atrioventricular-aortic valve

c. atrioventricular-mitral valve

d. atrioventricultar-tricuspid valve

e. none of the above are incorrect

Which of the following is true of the contraction of the heart?

a. cardiac contractions are coordinated by specialized conductive cardiac muscle fibers

b. the muscle obtains the beat from the pacemaker region exclusively

c. the contractions do not occur in any specific repeatable sequence each time

d. the ventricles contract first, followed by the atria

e. none of the above are true

The main pacemaker region of the heart is

a. in the interventricular septum

b. able to cause the atria and ventricles to contract simultaneously

c. in the wall of the right atrium

d. able to cause the muscle to begin to contract at the apex

e. electrically active nodal tissue located in the wall of the left ventricle

Which of the following empties directly into the right atrium?

a. middle cardiac vein

b. great cardiac vein

c. small cardiac vein

d. anterior cardiac veins

e. none of the above

Structures in the heart that establish the reate of contraction are called

a. purkinje fibers

b. the chordae tendineae

c. conducting fibers

d. nodes

e. none of the above

Which of the following is a major component of the conduction system lovated in the interventricular septum?

A. SA node

b. purkinje fibers

c. AV node

d. bundle branches

e. none of the above

Blood vessels, in correct order from lartest to smallest:

Capillaries 

Aorta

Major Arteries

Arterioles

Pulmonary Trunk

Aorta

Pulmonary Trunk

Major Arteries

Arterioles

Capillaries

The innermost layer of blood vessel, which includes the endothelial lining and an underlying layer of connective tissue with variable amounts of elastic fibers, is the

a. external elastic membrane

b. tunica interna

c. internal elastic membrane

d. tunica externa

e. tunica media

An artery can be distinguished from a vein by all of the following means except

a. arteries have a smaller lumen than does a similar-sized vein

b. in cross section, the lumen of a vein appears to be thrown into folds, while that of an artery is smooth

c. aterial walls are thicker than those of veins

d. because arterial walls are thick and strong, they retain their round shape, while walls of veins are thinner and tend to collapse

e. there are no exceptions, all of the above are true

Which of the following applies to elastic arteries?

a. they have a poorly defined tunica externa

b. the tunica media of these arteries contains a high density of elastic fibers and relatively few smooth muscle cells

c. the tunica media consists of scattered smooth muscle fibers that do not form a complete layer

d. these vessels distribute blood to the skeletal muscles and internal organs of the body

e. none of the above applies to eleastic arteries

Muscular arteries

a. are larger than elastic arteries and smaller then arterioles

b. serve as the cushion to prevent sudden rises in blood pressure from causing trouble for the circulation

c. are exemplified by the external carotid, brachial and femoral arteries

d. have a thick tuniva media with a large amount of smooth muscle fiber within them

e. have attributes of C and D

Which of the following is untrue of a capillary?

a. it has a relatively thick tunica media

b. the vessel valls are relatively thing

c. the histological structure of a capillary wall permites a two-way exchange of substances between the blood and body cells

d. blood flow through a capillary is the slowerst of all classes of vessels

e. there are no exceptions, all of the above are true

a. it has a relatively thick tunica media

Large arteries that tend to branch after a short distance are called

a. muscular arteries

b. anastomoses

c. metarteries

d. trunks

e. none of the above

The ascending aorta beings at the

a. aortic valve

b. apex of the heart

c. conus arteriosus

d. external carotid artery

e. all of the above

The right common carotid artery and right subclavian arteries are branches of the

a. vertebral artery

b. brachiocephalic trunk

c. aortic trunk

d. thryocervical trunk

e. none of the above

Veins are much more easily distended under pressure than are arteries

a. only in a few specialized cases

b. because of vasoconstriction

c. because their walls are thicker, and veins contain a greater proportion of elastic fibers and collagen

d. because their walls are thinner and contain a lower proportion of smooth muscle fibers

e. because of none of the above reasons

After leaving the thoacic cavity and passing over the outer border of the first rib, the subclavian artery becomes the

a. ulnar artery

b. radial artery

c. axillary artery

d. clavicular artery

e. brachial artery

The outermost layer of a blood vessel is the

a. tunica intima

b. tunica externa

c. endothelium

d. tunica media

e. none of the above

Another name for elastic arteries is

a. muscular arteries

b. conducting arteries

c. small arteries

d. distributing arteries

e. none of the above

After passing from the thoracic cavity over the border of the first rib, the subclacian artery changes its name. The name changes continue along the arm and to the hand. Organize the following in correct order:

Superficial palmar arch

Deep palmar arch

Brachial artery

Radial Artery

Axillary Artery

Ulnary Artery

Axillary Artery

Brachial Artery

Radial Artery (radial and ulnary branches at same level)

Ulnary Artery

Superficial Palmar Arch

Deep Palmar Arch ( superficial and deep palmar arch branch at same level)

The parietal branches of the thoracic aorta include the

a. superior diaphramatic arteries

b. intercostal arteries

c. mediastinal arteries

d. pericardial arteries

e. A and B

Unpaired arteries that branch from the abdominal aorta inclued the

a. gonadal

b. superior mesenteric

c. inferior mesenteric

d. suprarenal

e. B and C

The terminal segment of the abdominal aorta divides directly to form

a. three inferior branches

b. the internal illiac arteries

c. the common iliac arteries

d. the external iliac arteries

e. none of the above

Which of the following is not a branch of the common hepatic artery?

a. gastroduodenal artery

b. hepatic artery proper

c. right gastic artery

d. cystic artery

e. splenic artery

In the leg, the femoral artery becomes the

a. saphenous artery

d. deep femoral artery

c. popliteal artery

d. tibial artery

e. iliac artery

Blood in the hepatic portal vein carries blood

a. from the kidneys

b. high in oxygen

c. high in nutrients

d. high in acid

e. that is all of the above

WHich of these is not a tributary of the hepatic portal vein?

a. superior mesenteric vein

b. lumbar vein

c. inferior mesenteric vein

d. splenic vein

e. left colic vein

At the ankle, the anterior tibial artery becomes the

A. dorsalis pedis artery

b. lateral plantar artery

c. medial plantar artery

d. dorsal plantary artery

e. none of the above

The radial side of the arm contains a long superficial vein named the

a. median antebrachial vein

b. cubital vein

c. basilic vein

d. radial vein

e. cephalic vein

Why do arteries lack the valves that are commonly present in veins?

a. no explanation is known

b. Arterial blood pressure is high enough that no valves are required to prevent the regurgitation of blood in the wrong direction

c. the statement is untrue; arteries have valves

d. the blood pressure in arteries is too high to permit valves to function correctly

e. none of the above are reasons arteries lack valves

A major difference between the arterial and venous systems is that

a. veins are usually less branched than arteries

b. in the limbs there is dual venous drainage

c. arteries are usually more superficial than veins

d. all of the above are true

e. none of the above are true

Another name for the brachiocephalic vein is the...

a. cranial vein

b. innominate vein

c. brachial vein

d. all of the above

e. none of the above

The longest vein in the body is the 

a. small saphenous vein

b. femoral vein

c. sartorius vein

d. cephalic vein

e. great saphenous vein

All of the following empty directly into the inferior vena cava except...

a. superior mesenteric vein

b. hepatic vein

c. lumbar veins

d. the suprarenal veins

e. there are no exceptions, all of them empty into the inferior vena cava

Components of the lymphatic system include:

1. pancreas

2. spleen

3. lymphatic vessels

4. thymus

5. lymph nodes

6. thoracic duct

Which lymphatic vessels have valves?

a. lymphatic ducts

b. large lymphatic vessels

c. lymphatic capillaries

d. lymphatic sacs

e. all of the above

Lymph nodes

a. filter both blood and lymph

b. recieve lymph through the efferent vessels

c. manufacture lymph

d. do not occur in teh brain

e. occure in all regions of the body

Most of the lymph returns to the venous circulation by way of the 

a. lymph nodes 

b. cisterna chyli

c. hepatic portal vein

d. right lymphatic duct

e. thoracic duct

Deep lymphatics are found

a. in the walls of the organs

b. in the brain

c. under mucous membranes

d. near deep arteries and veins

e. in subcutaneous tissue

When is the thymus most active?

a. during infancy and youth

b. during old age

c. during middle age

d. from puberty to adulthood

e. throughout life

The thoracic duct

a. carries lymph to the right brachiocephalic vein

b. carries lymph originating in tissues superior to the diaphragm

c. carries lymph from the right bronchomedistinal trunk

d. joins the left subclavian vein immediately lateral to where the left internal jugular vein joins

e. does A and B

Which of these is not a part of a lymph node?

a. medulla 

b. hilus

c. traveculae

d. cortex

e. while pulp

Which OZ character has some serious circulatory problems?

a. Dorothy

b. Scarecrow

c. the Lion

d. The Wicked Witch of the west

e. The Tin Man

e The Tin Man

must be all that wood-chopping overacting on the heart....