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| substitutionary atonement. Why the God Man? Original sin is inherent in the race- baptism is efficacious bc God sent only son. Jesus' death on the cross is the substitute for what all men would need to do. Explained like an economic debt, but there is a moral component. By Anselm |
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| Best known work of Thomas Aquinas. Theology of the Catholic Church. |
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| By Abelard. "Yes and No" shows points were scripture and work of church fathers are contradictory (relativism of fathers). Used it to press his students to acknowledge their own hermeneutic |
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| Mirror of the Sinful Soul |
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| Written by Margaret of Navarre, patron of humanists, sister of Francis I (king of France), ORTHODOX in dogma but not literature, writer of poetry and mystic revelations. This book is about blessed Jesus and personal piety. |
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| To the Nobility of the German Nation |
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| Church reform begins with princes; appeal to German Nationalism; by Luther; reaches back to Wycliff |
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| On civil and Divine Dominion |
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| Written by John Wycliffe. Divine right of kings. God has placed the monarch on the throne and the monarch can only be removed by God, If the monarch does evil it is bc God is using the monarch for punishment of sins. If the monarch is good it is bc the people of Gos are being rewarded. |
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| Written by Ignatius of Loyola, Jesuits, military/spiritual handbook for personal silent retreat, central document of Jesuit order. The Catholic Reformation. |
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| "arise o Lord" threatens Luther with excommunication. Luther and his students burn it. A wild boar is loose in your vineyard- not actual excommunication, but a threat of excommunication. Written by Leo X |
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| Most famous book of the humanist Desidarius Erasmus. Satire. Used by Protestants in Reformation. Written during Renaissance after he comes back disillusioned from Rome. |
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| Concerning Heretics and those who Burn Them |
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| redefines a heretic; individual has the right to believe or not to believer; truth is eternal; to punish heretic confuses nature of church and state. Gives the judgement to God, but does not abandon mission of spreading the gospel. It is the spirit not the sword that converts.Written by Bathasar Hubmaier |
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| Jesuit missionary to Japan/China. The Catholic Reformation. |
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| Jacques Lefevre d'Etaples |
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| Classical Scholar, Concern for Aristotle, Comentary on Paul's epistles, Medieval Humanist, condemned by the religion faculty of the University of Paris, but protected by Margaret of Navarre. Preceeds Luther in France in articulating justification by faith and reading from the text itself. Reform church, re-emphasis on faith, concern for scriptures. |
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| Suggests Henry VIII should go to universities to get divorce granted. Named Archb. of Canturbury. Married Henry and Anne Boleyn. One of Oxford Martyrs in Mary Tudor's reign. Recants protestant, and recants his recantment before being burned. Book of Common Prayer. |
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| Married Henry II, of France. Supported Catholicism when Calvinism was coming to france |
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| Founder of the Poor Ones of Lyons (mideval sect), later Waldenses, Dualism; Jesus is 2nd God, no oaths; biblical study. Attacked church's worldliness-reform clergy. Crusade against them in 1209, Italian Tyrol. He is a frenchman who is ordinary until he has an experience at worship. Seeks to develop type of Christian perfection. Takes literally Matt. 19:1 |
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| Of the de Medici family. Grants indulgences. Pope during Martin Luther's 95 theses. Wrote Exsurge Domini |
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| Nominalist. Denied any valid inference beyond experience, restricted reality to individual knowledge of things, faith/reason cannot be reconciled, universals only concepts-individual being and minds are real(experience), universals are merely vocal sounds. Ockham's Razor: the simplest answer is best. |
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| Important parts of it: Ended Great Schism, passed sacrocancta (councils have ultimate authority), passed frequens (councils meet often to guide church), burn Jon Huss. Conciliarism: Pope is first among equals, Reasserts the council as where the spirit speaks best, Council of Constance. |
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| Reverses first diet of Speyers (if your prince is catholic you are catholic, if your prince is protestant you are protestant), reformers "protest" (where the term protestant comes from). If your prince is protestant you can be catholic or protestant |
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| St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre |
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| Under Charles IX In France, supposedly only the protestant leaders(Huguenots) were supposed to be killed, but ended up being 10,000 people. Occurred 4 days after his sister married the Protestant Henry 3 |
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| Where the major reformers (Luther, Melanchthon, Zwingli, Bucher) met to try to agree. Agreed on 14 articles of faith, but they can't agree on supper. After Diet of Speyer there was a need for unified protestant theology |
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| Names king, "Supreme Head of the church on earth in England." Happens when Henry VIII breaks with the church. Couples with the Act of Uniformity- requires conformity to new church order. Goes back to wycliff. |
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