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obey God's command
understand & see God's plan
provide ex's of Bible principles
see error and how it develops
give Chrs stability & roots |
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| explanation of "things which thou hast seen" |
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| explanation of "things which are" |
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| characteristics of churches & Chrs |
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| explanation of "things which shall be" |
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| major periods of church development |
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foster belief
draw attn to Jesus |
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| characteristics of prophecy |
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Definition
progressive revelation
progressive illumination
literal interpretation |
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| progressive revelation, def |
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Definition
| doctrine intro'd in part, more details later |
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| progressive illumination, def |
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Definition
| increasing ability to understand what God wrote |
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| obstacles to illumination |
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prophecy not seen as such til fulfilled
prophecies that don't seem compatible
double prophecies |
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| "downsides" to studying history |
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| overhanging, appearing as if about to fall on; at any moment |
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God's timing/view
not intrinsically soon |
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next expected event
continually present reality
motive for continued service |
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| why Chrs didnt recognize 7 churches as prophetic |
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Definition
lack of expection for Chrs to recognize prophecy til after completion
adherence to Augustinian spiritualization
History written by victors |
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| why church not started in OT |
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| why church not started in John the Baptist's ministry |
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| why church not started in Jesus's ministry |
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| different periods (perspective) |
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| Ephesus 1st half: key issues |
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Definition
Gnosticism
Gentile salvation |
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Definition
denying phys resurrection
denying Christ's humanity
minimizing authoritative written Text |
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| Ephesus 2nd half: key events |
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Definition
apostles died
miraculous gifts faded
Rome burnt
temple destroyed
Scriptures completed |
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| date: Scriptures completed |
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| date: Peter calls Paul's writings Scripture |
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| date: Iraneus lists 80% of NT in "undisputed books" |
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| date: Origen includes Hebrews & Jude in recognized Scripture |
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| date: Athanasius solely lists current 27 books as "canonical" |
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| date: council of Carthage |
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Ephesus figure
Jewish leader during rebellion against Rome
allied with Rome when Jerusalem fell
wrote Jewish Antiquities; referenced Jesus
negotiator, chronicler |
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Ephesus figure
leading pastor; wrote to Corinth
early arguments for apostolic succession, distinctions between clergy & laity
ascribed perpetual virginity to Mary |
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Definition
Ephesus AND Smyna figure
exiled John to Patmos
demanded title "Lord and god" for self
punished failure to pay religious taxes |
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| Ephesus 2nd half: key issues |
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Definition
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Term
| what Ephesus was commended for |
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Term
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Definition
copied Scripture
helped other churches
searched out doctrine
descerning: tested so-called apostles |
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| what "left" is often mistaken with |
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Definition
remember
repent
do 1st works |
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Definition
continued expansion of persecution
recognition of Canon |
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| why church was persecuted |
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Definition
lost ID with Judaism
Roman emperors craved worship
Chr beliefs misunderstood
Chrs made easy scapegoats |
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didn't seek out Chrs
executed Chrs that refused to deny Jesus & revere emperor |
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used spies to catch Chrs
thought martyrs merely sought theatrical deaths |
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blamed Chrs for plague when they didn't celebrate Rome's bday
required sacrifices of allegiance to Rome
would grant libellus certificates |
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| blamed Chrs for various calamities |
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destroyed places of worship
burned sacred books
imprisoned clergy
revoked Chr's Roman citizenship |
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| positive results of persecution |
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Definition
Christianity expanding
NT canon recognized
apologists rise |
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| problem that arose with persecution |
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Definition
| dealing with believers who deny Christ |
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| brief statement of essential doctrine |
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Definition
evaluate converts
refute heresy |
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| qualifications for recognized Canon |
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Definition
authoritative (and apostolic writer)
accepted by churches
agreement with previous revelation |
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| earliest listing of NT books |
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| wrote Ecclesiastical History |
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| wrote Concerning the Genuine Books of Divinely Inspired Scripture |
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| listed NT books by category |
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Smyrna figure
bishop of Antioch
wrote 7 letters before executed by Trajan
refuted Docetism by emphasizing Communion
wanted to combat heresy via bishps uniting churches
eager to be martyred |
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Definition
Smyrna figure
bishop of Smyrna
showed 2nd gen Christianity
wrote on practical Christianity |
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Smyrna figure
highly educated Gentile
great apologist for Christianity
wrote 1st Apology, Dialogue with Trypho
Christianized pagan philosophers |
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Smyrna figure
wealthy merchant from Pontus
promoted Gnosticism; very anti-Semitic
created own canon: excluded OT and pro-Jewish NT books; devisive |
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Term
| how Marcion unintentionally influenced Chrs |
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church forced to formally state recognized books
rule of faith developed to counteract heresy
unity & puriy of church kept by strong bishops |
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Smyrna figure
bishop of Lyons, France
disciple of Polycarp
wrote Against Heretics (gnostics)
emphasized OT's importance, Scripture's unity |
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Smyrna figure
articulated pro-life view
used dispensational eschatology
wrote Apology, Against Praxeus
prolific writer |
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Smyrna figure
lead teacher at Alexandria's Gnostic "Christian" school
promoted asceticism, finding hidden meanings in Scripture
wrote De Principiis; compiled Hexapala |
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Smyrna figure
bishop of Carthage
made compromise for lapsed Chrs
disputed over baptism with Stephen of Rome
view of church led to replacement theology, salvation through church |
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Term
| De Principiis, significance |
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Definition
| Christendom's 1st systematic theology |
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Definition
Christ "eternally generated" from Father
preexistence of soul
final restoration of all spirits
ransom theory of atonement
no phys resurrection |
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Definition
multiple languages of Bible side by side
gnostic influence used on Greek manuscripts |
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from Greek "to seem"
led to self-denial or self indulgence
type of gnosticism |
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Christ only appeared human, or "possessed" human body
salvation through Christ's secret teachings |
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immediate compromise
avoidance through deception
quiet perseverence
eager pursuit of death |
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viewing failure as unpardonable
allowing repentance through genuine sorrow
having no requirements |
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Term
| precedents set through response to lapsed Chrs |
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Definition
practice of excommunication
power of Roman church
emperor's involvement |
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Term
| what Smyrna was commended for |
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Definition
working
suffering
materially poor
spiritually rich |
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