Term
| List (in 1 word each) the four elements of the Wesleyan Quadrilateral in their order of significance and describe each element in 1-2 sentences. |
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Definition
1. Scripture: Scripture must be the basis of our understanding; it is the primary source of our theology.
2. Tradition: Tradition is what has been passed on to you through the community of faith in general and your particular community of faith/your spiritual ancestors.
3. Our differing experiencesmediate our understanding of Scripture; or we may lack understanding from experiences we have not had.
4. Reason: We need to make rational sense of Scripture and use rules of logic and discourse. |
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Term
| Explain (in 3 paragraphs) both the positive and negative roles of tradition and the overall value of tradition in assisting in our deeper understanding of Scripture. |
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Definition
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Term
| 3. List (in 1 phrase each) the three main factors that led to the early church’s dramatic growth. Then describe (in 1 paragraph each) how each factor fueled the early church’s dramatic growth. |
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Definition
1. The church's attitude toward women
2. The church's attitude toward the sick and the poor.
3. The church's commitment to exorcism and signs and wonders |
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Term
| Recognize the factors that caused the church’s deteriorating relationship with Judaism and caused Judaism to separate from Christianity by the mid-2nd century. |
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Definition
1. Prior to Jerusalem's destruction, Jews and Christians were never cordial.
2. Christians no longer participated in synagogue worship.
3.Simon Bar Kochba's rebellion increased anti-Semitism.
4. By the middle second century Christianity became a predominately Gentile religion. |
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Term
| Explain (in 1 paragraph) the main reason why the early church was persecuted by the Romans before 250 AD. |
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Definition
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Term
| Recognize the heresies that created the need for a Christian canon |
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Definition
1. Gnosticism- cosmic redemption of the spirit via knowledge.
2.Marcionitism- self-denial |
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Term
| Recognize the church's initial attempt to form a canon, the emerging consensus regarding the canon, and the conclusion regarding its formation. |
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Definition
A group of Great Church bishops met privately and drafteda document excommunicating Montanus, his colleagues and their followers.
Marcion's canon contained Luke and ten of Paul's letters. Omitted the Old Testament and Paul's pastoral letters
Muratorian Canon acknowledged authoritative Christian writings including all the New Testament except 1&2 Peter, James and Hebrews.
Consensus: Origen acknowledged all 27 NT books as his canon but noted disputes over Hebrews, James, 2 peter 2&3 John and Revelation.
Athanasius listed all 22 Hebrew 0T books and all 27 NT books as the authoritative canon.
The Great Church did not create the canon rather the authoritative witness of the canon created the Great Church. |
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Term
| Recognize the three “pillars” and why the Church Fathers adopted them. |
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Definition
1. Creeds
2. Episcopacy
3. Canon
The Church Fathers adopted them to settle disputes and distinguish between orthodox and heretical beliefs and practices. |
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Term
| Recognize the description and purpose of a “creed.” |
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Definition
| A short statement of belief that summarizes authoritative Christian teaching |
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Term
| Recognized the need for a canon |
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Definition
| From very early times, no living apostles remained to arbitrate disputes regarding faith and practice |
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Term
| Recognize the four criteria the church used to select the books of the canon |
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Definition
1. Orthodoxy
2. Apostolicity
3. Catholicity
4. Performance |
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Term
| Justin Martyr contributions |
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Definition
1. apologist who tried to build a bridge between Greek philosophy and the Christian faith.
2. Christians withold worship from demons
3. Any truth is traceable to Christ.
4. Compared Christian morality thto that of Greek philosphers.
5. Soght common ground with Greek philosophy.
6. Christians believe the best of Greek philosphy and more.
7. Charges against Christians should be investigated.
8. Wrote Dialogue with Trypho
9. Argued how OT prophecies were fulfilled in the NT. |
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Term
| Clement of Alexandria contributions |
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Definition
1. Bridge between philosophy and the Christian faith. Beleived that just as Jews have the Law to lead them to Christ, so Greeks have philosophy to lead theem.
2. Man has a spark of the divine which Scripture fans into flame.
3. Philosophy is illuminated by the light, which is Christ. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Suggested three criteria for distinguishing Christian doctine from heresy:
a. Scripture contains our plan of salvation
b. tradition, originatingin apostles, has been preserved through succession of presbyters in the churches.
c. Acontinual succession of bishops was instituted by the apostles.
2. Led the churchfrom issue-based apology to systematic theology.
3. Defined principles of apologetics.
4. Wrote Against Heresies to combat Gnostic heresies. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Focused on reason
2. Point by point rebuttal of the polemics of Celsus in Against Celsus.
3. A universalist
4. Christians investigate truth.
5. Christ is the savior of the wise and the foolish. |
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Term
| Recognize what caused the Protestant Church (since 1650) to ignore the miraculous experience of early Christians and how the early Christian experience of miraculous power was an apologetic |
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Definition
Modernism has profoundly affected the Protestant church.
The Early Christians won their world to a large degree though exorcisms and healing. |
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Term
| Recognize the two Greek intellectual assumptions shared by theologians in the debate over Christ’s deity. |
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Definition
1. To change a beingis to change it for the better or for the worse; deity is perfect; therefore deity cannot change
2. The nature of God was that of absolute static perfection, which includes the inability to suffer or be emotionally affected. |
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Term
| Explain (in 3-4 paragraphs) Alexander’s and Arius’s debate over the deity of Christ by picking three of the four issues and for each issue state the issue’s question and explain both Alexander’s and Arius’s positions on the issue. (Sect. 13.1.4) |
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Definition
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Term
| List (in 1 sentence each) the four critical beliefs established by the Council of Nicaea. (Sect. 14.1–14.4) |
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Definition
1. Christ was very God of Very God
2. Christ was of one substance with the Father
3. Christ was begotten, not made
4. Christ became human for us, and for our salvation |
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Term
| Recognize the three lines of theological reasoning that Athanasius followed regarding the relationship of the Son to the Father. |
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Definition
1. Metaphysical
2. Soteriological
3. Revelational |
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Term
| Recognize what gave rise to the Council of Constantinople and the results of the three Cappadocian Fathers’ accomplishments. |
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Definition
a. The controversy was over how the full diety of the Son and the Spirit can be affirmed along with their eternal distinction from the Father.
b.Orthodox language is standardized: God is one nature and three individual examples. |
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Term
| Recognize three important additions that the Council of Constantinople made to the Nicene Creed and the importance of the Nicene Creed. |
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Definition
1. Added historical specificity tothe section about Jesus
2. Made more clear the equality of the Holy Spirit.
3. Added language regarding the Church, baptism, resurrection from the dead, and eternal life.
The Nicene Creed has remained the bedrock foundation for the Church's theology, worship, and prayer for 1700 years. |
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Term
| Define (in 1 sentence each) the terms synergism and monergism |
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Definition
Synergism: the idea and belief that God's agency and human agency cooperate in some way to produce both history and salvation
Monergism: the idea and belief that human agency is entirely passice and God's agency is all-determining in both universal history and individual salvation. |
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Term
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Definition
Pelagius
Semi-Pelagians
RomanCatholic Church sin Synod of Orange |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| State (in 1 sentence each) the Council of Chalcedon’s three resolutions. |
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Definition
The council resolved that Eutyches confused the divine and human natures in Christ and therefore was condemned as a heretic
2. Christ is one person existing in two natures (human and divine) that are: united without confusion, unchangeable, indivisible and inseparable.
3. Christ’s divine nature is one of the same substance as the Father and Christ’s human nature is the same as that of all humanity. |
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Term
| Recognize Islam’s key ideas and Islam’s impact on the church. |
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Definition
1. Muslim-submits to the will of Allah
2. Allah
3. Prayer
4. Koran
5. Sunna- collection of Mohammed's sayings and an account of how he lived
6. Jiha holy war; struggle
7. Sunnites-
8. Shi'ites
Impaact-church forbidden to evangelize in Islamic controlled regions to the south in Africa or the east in India
Church expanded north to Russia and west to Europe. |
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Term
| Irish Christianity contributions |
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Definition
Patrick of Ireland
Columba and Iona, Scotland
Aiden and Lindisfarne |
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Term
| Roman Catholic Church in England |
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Definition
Pope Gregory I
Augustine of Canterbury
Bede |
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Term
| Recognize the background of Imperialism and the origins of Holy Roman Empire. |
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Definition
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