Term
Stress as a Transaction Between
the Individual and the Environment? |
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Definition
This concept of stress emphasizes the relationship between
the individual and the environment. Personal
characteristics and the nature of the environmental
event are considered. This illustration parallels the
modern concept of the etiology of disease. No longer
is causation viewed solely as an external entity;
whether or not illness occurs depends also on the receiving
organism’s susceptibility.
( stress as a relationship
between the person and the environment that is
appraised by the person as taxing or exceeding his or
her resources and endangering his or her well-being) |
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Term
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Definition
t is a stimulus arising from the internal
or external environment and is perceived by
the individual in a specific manner. |
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Term
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Definition
is an individual’s
evaluation of the personal significance of the
event or occurrence. The event “precipitates” a response
on the part of the individual, and the response
is influenced by the individual’s perception of the
event |
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Term
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Definition
consists of
a.) primary appraisal
b.) secondary appraisal.
meaning, after a cognitive appraisal the the person will have a response. This is known as the "cognitive response". |
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Term
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Definition
3 types:
irrelevant
benign-positive
stressful (x3) |
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Term
| An event is judged irrelevant when ? |
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Definition
the outcome
holds no significance for the individual |
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Term
| A benign-positive outcome is one that is ? |
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Definition
good:
is perceived as producing
pleasure for the individual. |
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Term
| Stress appraisals include? |
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Definition
1.harm/loss
2.threat
3.challenge |
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Term
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Definition
Harm/loss
appraisals refer to damage or loss *already experienced*
by the individual |
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Term
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Definition
Appraisals of a threatening nature
are perceived as *anticipated* harms or losses |
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Term
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Definition
| the individual focuses on potential for gain or growth, rather than on risks associated with the event. |
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Term
can Challenge
produces stress? |
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Definition
yes:
even though the emotions associated
with it (eagerness and excitement) are viewed as positive,
and coping mechanisms must be called upon to face the new encounter. Challenge and threat may occur together when an individual experiences these
positive emotions along with fear or anxiety over possible risks associated with the challenging event. |
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Term
When is a secondary appraisal is made by
the individual? |
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Definition
When stress is produced in response to harm/loss, threat, or challenge.
3. Stressful* |
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Term
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Definition
Can I tackle this stressful event:
is an assessment of skills, resources,and knowledge that the person possesses to deal with the situation. |
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Term
| evaluates by asking themselves what according to secondary appraisal? |
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Definition
■ Which coping strategies are available to me?■ Will the option I choose be effective in this situation?■ Do I have the ability to use that strategy in an effective
manner? |
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Term
| overall goal if Secondary Appraisal? |
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Definition
determines the
quality of the individual’s adaptation response to stress. |
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Term
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Definition
strongly influence whether the response is adaptive or maladaptive. Types of predisposing factors
1.genetic influences
2.past experience
3.existing conditions |
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Term
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Definition
| Coping strategies are adaptive when protect from harm or strengthen the individual’s ability to meet challenging situations.helps by restore homeostasis & impede the development of diseases of adaptation. |
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Term
| Coping strategies are considered maladaptive when? |
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Definition
the conflict goes unresolved or intensifies.
Energy resources become depleted as the
body struggles to compensate for the chronic physiological
and psychological arousal being experienced= significant vulnerability to physical or psychological illness. |
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Term
| Adaptive Coping Strategies (total of 7)? |
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Definition
| music, problem solving, awareness, meditation, relaxation, Interpersonal Communication With Caring Other,pets and Music |
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Term
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Definition
| *initial step* in managing stress is awareness & feelings associated with it. stress can be controlled only when one recognizes it b/c allows for the person to omit, avoid, or accept. |
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Term
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Definition
Some relax by engaging in large motor activities ex. physical exercise.
others use techniques ex. breathing exercises and progressive relaxation; systematically tensing and releasing of muscle. |
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Term
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Definition
20 minutes once or twice daily =produce a lasting reduction in BP and other stress-related symptoms Procedure
(assuming a comfortable position, closing the eyes, casting off all other thoughts, concentrating on a single word, sound, or phrase that has positive meaning. |
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Term
| Interpersonal Communication With Caring Other |
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Definition
| support systems significantly influences adaptability of coping with stress. “talking the problem out” with an individual who is empathetic helps interrupt escalation of the stress response. Writing out feelings be therapeutic. |
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Term
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Definition
| extremely adaptive coping is to view the situation objectively (or to seek assistance from another individual to accomplish anxiety level is too high to focus on) done by objective assessment of the situation. |
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Term
| list problem solving model |
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Definition
| assess the facts of the situation, then formulate goals to dispute them. study the goals (alternative) for the situation. for each choices know the pros and cons about it. choose one and implement it. Evaluate outcome, if not failed choose another one. alternative. |
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Term
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Definition
| less death rate (1/5th) of those who did not have pets. significant drop in BP in response to petting a dog or cat & better able to cope with the stressors. |
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Term
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Definition
Creating and listening to music stimulate:
(REM) motivation,enjoyment, and relaxation. reduce depression,changes mood and general activity. |
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