Term
| What type of infiltrating cells do you see in acute vs. subacute vs. chronic inflammation? |
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Definition
Acute: neutrophils
Subacute: Mononuclear cells (macrophages, monocytes, lymphocytes)
Chronic: Mononuclear cells (macrophages, monocytes, lymphocytes) +/- fibroblasts |
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Term
| 4 general situations that can cause chronic inflammation, with examples of their agents: |
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Definition
1) Persistent and resistent infections (microbes that are resistant to phagocytosis or intracellular killing). May be bacteria (Mycobacterium), fungi (Blastomyces, Aspergillus, Cryptococcus), protozoa (Trypanosomes, Leishmania), or parasites (Schistosoma, Oesophogostomum)
2) Infections "hidden" from immune response in pus debris (Staphylococcus, Streptococcus)
3) Foreign bodies (talc, splinter etc.)
4) Some immune-mediated/auto-immune diseases (SLE, MS) |
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Term
| What are 3 general characteristics of chronic inflammation? |
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Definition
1) mononuclear cell infiltrates
2) fibrosis + angiogenesis
3) destruction/replacement of normal parenchyma |
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Term
| Characteristics of TH1 response as pertains to chronic inflammation: |
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Definition
| 1) Cellular in nature (i.e. T cells) 2) Seen with foreign material, endogenous intracellular antigen (e.g. myelin basic protein), exogenous intracellular antigen (Mycobacterium). 3) Includes lymphocytes, macrophages, DC, fibroblasts |
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Term
| Characteristics of TH2 response as pertains to chronic inflammation: |
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Definition
1) Humoral in nature
2) Seen with allergic/hypersensitivity reactions.
3) Includes lymphocytes, macrophages, DC, fibroblasts, AND eosinophils, mast cells |
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Term
| To what does the (vague) clinical term "cellulitis" refer? |
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Definition
| Inflammation of connective tissue. |
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Term
| What is the difference between fibrous and fibrinous adhesions? |
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Definition
Adhesions occur when fibrin is exuded from serosa, making the surface "sticky."
Fibrinous adhesions are easy to peel away, whereas fibrous ones are strong and formed of collagen. |
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Term
| What are epithelioid macrophages? |
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Definition
| They are active, enlarged, and more secretory than phagocytic. (Think pink, puffy cells!) |
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Term
| What are syncytial cells? |
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Definition
| AKA multinucleated giant cells. 2+ macrophages fused. |
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Term
| What is the key cell type in a granuloma? Others present? |
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Definition
| Macrophage is #1. Lymphocytes, mononuclear cells (neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils), fibroblasts may also be present. |
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Term
| What is granulation tissue? |
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Definition
| A clinical, not path, term! Describes gross appearance of healing/repair tissue. Not to be confused with granuloma. |
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Term
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Definition
| An inflammatory process characterized by one or more granulomas. Also, can describe chronic inflammation w/o all hallmarks of granuloma, but still very like one. |
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Term
| What are lepromatous granulomas? What infiltrating cell type is characteristic? |
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Definition
| Diffuse granulomas with sheets of epithelioid macrophages (such as found with Mycobacterium leprae AKA Hansen's dz, or M. avium paratuberculosis AKA Johne's dz). Eosinophils may be present in large numbers. This type of granuloma can also form in response to parasites. |
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Term
| What are 4 types of chronic inflammation based on histology? |
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Definition
1) granuloma or granulomatous
2) abscess (with or without fistula)
3) pyogranuloma
4) eosinophilic granuloma |
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Term
| Do nodular or diffuse granulomas exhibit more fibrosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does Ziehl-Neelsen (acid fast) stain for? |
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Definition
| Carbohydrates in bacteria (bright pink/red) |
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Term
| If you see multifocal, nodular granulomas on several internal organs of a cat, what might it be? |
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Definition
| Feline Infectious Peritonitis |
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