an individual's unique collections of consistent behavioral traits

consistent tendency to behave in certain ways

distinctive- not everyone acts the same in dif. situations

Openness to experience- curiosity, flexibility, imaginative

Conscientiousness- diligent, organized, punctual, associated w/ high GPA, occupational attainment,

Extraversion- outgoing, sociable, friendly, upbeat, job attainment

Agreeableness- sympathetic, trusting, cooperative, lower likelihood of divorce

Neuroticism- anxious, hostile, insecure, increased likelihood of divorce and health disorders

personality is shaped by early childhood experiences

unconsious motives and conflicts

methods used to cope with sexual and aggresive urges

pleasure principle- immediate gratification

primary process thinking

behavior of newborns

reality principle

mediates between id and superego

secondary- process thinking

moral guide, restrains impulses

values and cultural standards of society transmitted through adults

emerges around 3-5

Just beneath the surface of awareness

easily retreived

Thoughts, memories, desires that are below surface

excert great influence on behavior

Id

unconsious reactions that defend against unpleasant emotions such as anxiety and guilt

utilize self deception

basic personality foundations set by age 5

periods of sexual focuses that shift throughout early childhood

Analytical Psychology

Personal unconscious: material not w/in conscious awareness

collective unconcious: storehouse of latent memory traces inhereted from ancestors, shared by entire human race

Individual psychology

striving for superiority: drive to adapt and improve, childhod feelings of inferiority motivate getting new skills,

prime goal of life

compensation: efforts to overcome inferiorities be developing skills

Skinner

psych should only study observable behaviors

personality a collections of responses to various stimuli

repeat behaviors reinforced, new experiences can lead to changes in responces

continuous lifelong journey

personality shaped through learning

seek out and process info to maximize good outcomes

oBservational Learning:

shaped by models, result of imitation

Mischel

sitiuation is important in determining behavior

people are not as consistent across situations

too much generalization from animals to humans

emphasize unique qualities of humans ex. freedom and growth

optimistic view of human nature

not helpless to unconscious and id

Carl Rogers

self concept

collection of beliefs about one's own personality

subjective

your view of yourself is not on point of how you act in reality

may result in anxiety

casue by conditional love from parents

Maslow

hierarchy of needs

need for self actualization and fulfill one's potential, frustration occurs when unable to fulfill

Hans Eysenck

heirarchy of traits

some individuals more easily conditioned then others becuase of physiological functioning

twin studies show that family enviornment has impact on personality

natural selections favored certain traits

big 5 reflect most salient features

instinctive drive for self preservation

we have self awareness and contemplation of the future

ex. inevitability of death

self esteem protects against anxiety

admisitering harsh penalties for moral transgression

more negative responces to cultural criticisms

large rewards for upholding cultural standards

more respect for icons

negative feelings for other cultures

aggressive behavior toward opposing political views

MMPI

Deception

Social Desirablity

Responce Sets

Rorschach

Thematic Apperception Test

not very reliable