Term
| Is tetracycline a broad or narrow spectrum antibiotic? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do the tetracyclines suppress bacterial growth? |
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Definition
| by inhibiting protein synthesis |
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Term
| What are the therapeutic uses of tetracyclines? |
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Definition
1. treatment of infectious diseases
2. treatment of acne
3. peptic ulcer disease
4. periodontal disease |
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Term
| Which diseases are tetracyclines first line drugs for? |
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Definition
1. rickettsial diseases such as Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, typhus fever and Q fever
2. Chlamydia trachomatis induced infection
3. brucellosis
4. cholera
5. Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia
6. Lyme disease
7. anthrax
8. H. pylori gastric infection |
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Term
| Which tetracyclines are eliminated through the kidney? |
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Definition
Short and intermediate acting tetracyclines such as Tetracycline and Demeclocycline
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|
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Term
| Which tetracyclines are eliminated through the liver? |
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Definition
| Long acting tetracyclines such as Doxycycline and Minocycline |
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Term
| Which medication regimen are patients with H. pylori caused peptic ulcer disease given? |
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Definition
| Tetracyclines in combination with metronidazole and bismuth subsalicylate |
|
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Term
| Which tetracyclines are used for periodontal disease? |
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Definition
| Doxycycline and Minocycline |
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Term
| Which tetracycline is only used topically? |
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Definition
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Term
| Because calcium, iron and magnesium form insoluble chelates with tetracyclines, which food, medications, and supplements should they not be taken with? |
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Definition
1. calcium supplements
2. milk products (because they contain calcium)
3. iron supplements
4. magnesium-containing laxatives
5. most antacids (because they contain magnesium, aluminum, or both) |
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Term
| Do tetracyclines penetrate the CSF? The placenta? |
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Definition
They penetrate the CSF poorly and are not effective against meningeal infections.
They readily cross the placenta and enter the fetal circulation. |
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Term
| Which tetracyclines should not be given to patients with renal insufficiency? |
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Definition
| Short acting Tetracycline and intermediate acting Demeclocycline |
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Term
| Which tetracyclines are drugs of choice for tetracycline-responsive infections in patients with renal insufficiency? |
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Definition
| Long acting tetracyclines such as Doxycycline or Minocycline |
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Term
| What are some of the adverse effects of tetracycline therapy? |
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Definition
GI irritation (nausea, vomiting, cramps, diarrhea
Yellow or brown discoloration in the teeth
Suppression of long bone growth in premature infants
suprainfection
hepatotoxicity
Renal toxicity
photosensitivity
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|
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Term
| Which route of administration is preferred with tetracycline therapy? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Are tetracyclines bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which tetracyclines should be administered on an empty stomach? |
|
Definition
| Tetracycline, demeclocycline, and doxycycline |
|
|
Term
| Which species suprainfections can be caused by tetracycline therapy? |
|
Definition
| C. difficile and Candida albicans |
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Term
| If a patient needs to take antacids while on tetracyclines, when should they be taken? |
|
Definition
| 2 hours after the tetracycline dose |
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|
Term
| How do macrolides get their name? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which macrolide is considered one of the safest antibiotics? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How can bacteria become resistant to macrolides? |
|
Definition
1. production of a pump that exports the drug
2. modification of target ribosomes so that binding of erythromycin is impaired |
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Term
| How is bacterial sensitivity to erythromycin determined? |
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Definition
| By the ability of erythromycin to gain access to the cell interior |
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Term
| Which diseases is erythromycin a preferred treatment for? |
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Definition
1. Legionella pneumophila
2. Bordetella pertussis
3. Corynebacterium diphtheriae
4. chlamydia
5. M. pneumoniae
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|
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Term
| What is a major risk with Clindamycin? |
|
Definition
| Severe C. difficile associated diarrhea |
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|
Term
| Which sort of infections is Clindamycin indicated for? |
|
Definition
| certain anaerobic infections located outside the CNS |
|
|
Term
| Which other antibiotics can Clindamycin act antagonistically with? |
|
Definition
| erythromycin and chloramphenicol |
|
|
Term
| Which infection is Clindamycin the drug of choice for? |
|
Definition
Severe Group A Streptococcol infection and gas ganrene (caused by C. perfringens)
Abdominal and pelvic infections caused by B. fragilis |
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|
Term
| What two pathogens is Linezolid particularly useful for? |
|
Definition
vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE)
methicillin-resistant staphilococcus aureus (MRSA) |
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