Term
What are immunosuppressants used for? |
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Definition
1. Prevention of organ rejection in allograft recipients
2. Treatment of autoimmune disorders |
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Term
How long must allograft recipients take immunosuppressant medications? |
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Definition
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Term
What are the risks of immunosuppressant therapy? |
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Definition
1. infection
2. lymphomas |
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Term
Which immunosuppressant medications are the most effective? |
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Definition
Cyclosporine and tacrolimus |
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Term
Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus are used primarily to treat which condition? |
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Definition
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Term
Cyclosporin causes which serious adverse side effect? |
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Definition
Kidney injury in up to 75% of patients |
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Term
Which medications should not be taken with cyclosporin due to increased kidney damage? |
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Definition
amphotericin B, aminoglycosides, and NSAIDs |
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Term
Why shouldn't a patient drink grapefruit juice when on cyclosporine? |
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Definition
Grapefruit juice inhibits cyclosporine metabolism, greatly increasing cyclosporine levels. |
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Term
What are the adverse reactions of prolonged glucocorticoid use? |
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Definition
osteoporosis, thinning of the skin, increased risk of infection, impaired growth in children, and adrenal insufficiency. |
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Term
What immunosuppressive uses to glucocorticoids have? |
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Definition
supression of transplant rejection and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases |
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Term
How to cytotoxic drugs suppress the immune system? |
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Definition
By killing B and T lymphocytes |
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Term
What are the adverse reactions to immunosuppressive therapy with cytotoxic drugs? |
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Definition
bone marrow suppression (thrombocytopenia, neutropenia), GI disturbances, reduced fertility, alopecia |
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Term
What two immunosuppressant drugs inhibit calcineurin? |
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Definition
Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus |
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Term
What does the suppression of calcineurin do to suppress the immune system? |
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Definition
It supresses the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2), a compound needed for T-cell proliferation |
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Term
Large doses of which glucocorticoid are used to suppress the immune system? |
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Definition
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Term
Which cytotoxic medications are used to suppress the immune system? |
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Definition
Azathioprine, Cclophosphamide, Methotrexate, Mitoxantrone |
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