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Chpt 69
Pharmacology for Nursing Care
18
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 1
11/12/2012

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Cards

Term
What are immunosuppressants used for?
Definition

1. Prevention of organ rejection in allograft recipients

2. Treatment of autoimmune disorders

Term
How long must allograft recipients take immunosuppressant medications?
Definition
For life
Term
What are the risks of immunosuppressant therapy?
Definition

1. infection

2. lymphomas

Term
Which immunosuppressant medications are the most effective?
Definition
Cyclosporine and tacrolimus
Term
Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus are used primarily to treat which condition?
Definition
Allograft recipients
Term
Cyclosporin causes which serious adverse side effect?
Definition
Kidney injury in up to 75% of patients
Term
Which medications should not be taken with cyclosporin due to increased kidney damage?
Definition
amphotericin B, aminoglycosides, and NSAIDs
Term
Why shouldn't a patient drink grapefruit juice when on cyclosporine?
Definition
Grapefruit juice inhibits cyclosporine metabolism, greatly increasing cyclosporine levels.
Term
What are the adverse reactions of prolonged glucocorticoid use?
Definition
osteoporosis, thinning of the skin, increased risk of infection, impaired growth in children, and adrenal insufficiency.
Term
What immunosuppressive uses to glucocorticoids have?
Definition
supression of transplant rejection and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases
Term
How to cytotoxic drugs suppress the immune system?
Definition
By killing B and T lymphocytes
Term
What are the adverse reactions to immunosuppressive therapy with cytotoxic drugs?
Definition
bone marrow suppression (thrombocytopenia, neutropenia), GI disturbances, reduced fertility, alopecia
Term
What two immunosuppressant drugs inhibit calcineurin?
Definition
Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus
Term
What does the suppression of calcineurin do to suppress the immune system?
Definition
It supresses the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2), a compound needed for T-cell proliferation
Term
Large doses of which glucocorticoid are used to suppress the immune system?
Definition
Prednisone
Term
Which cytotoxic medications are used to suppress the immune system?
Definition
Azathioprine, Cclophosphamide, Methotrexate, Mitoxantrone
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