Term
| What is the relation of steriods to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system? |
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Definition
| From the pituitary gland the hypothalamus responds to the nervous system by producing hormones. Maintain hormone homeostasis. |
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Term
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Definition
-Don't use if allergic to sulfa's
-Oldest and largest group of oral antidiabetic agents
-Onset 1hr...peak 1hr
-Increases insulin secretion
-works best in older adults
-used for type 2 diabetes |
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Term
| Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors |
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Definition
oral anti-diabetic drugs used for diabetes mellitus type 2 that work by preventing the digestion of carbohydrates.
-Delay absorption of glucose from GI tract
NOT to be used in patients with malabsorption bowel disease. Might cause diarrhea |
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Term
| What does the negative feedback system do during hormone therapy? |
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Definition
| Secretes hormones as needed and inhibit when not needed to maintain homeostasis. |
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Term
| What vitamin is given with calcium to treat hypocalcemia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the growth hormone problems with glucose control? |
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Definition
| It affects carbohydrate metabolism by maintaining blood glucose within a normal range. Considered an insulin antagonist because it suppresses the ability of insulin to stimulate uptake of glucose. GH produces hyperinsulinemia by stimulating insulin secretion. |
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Term
| Why should steroid therapy be tapered? |
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Definition
| Less suppression of hypothalamic-pituitary=adrenal function. |
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Term
| What are the mechanism of action fro alendronate (Fosamax)? |
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Definition
-inhibits osteoclast mediated bone resorption.
-minimizing loss of bone density
-prevent and treat osteoperosis |
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Term
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Definition
| a pancreatic hormone secreted with insulin, delays gastric emptying, increases satiety, and suppresses glucagon secreteion |
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Term
| What are the main therapeutic uses for corticosteroids? |
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Definition
| Used in treatment of hypercalcemia due to malignancies or vitamin D intoxication. Renal insufficiency and hypotension. ANTI-INFLAMMATORY |
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Term
| What happens to cell receptors when hormones are given up or down regulated during feedback negative feedback with hormone therapy? |
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Definition
| Receptors may be degraded or recycled back to the cell surface. |
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Term
| What is used to treat Diabetes Insipidus? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Synthesized in laboratories by altering type or sequence of amino acids |
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Term
| For hypoglycemic Medications which administration absorbs most rapidly and where? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the goals of antidiabetic therapy? |
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Definition
-maintain normal blood glucose levels
-promote normal metabolism of carbohydrate, fat, protein
-prevent hypoglycemic episodes |
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Term
| What is the non insulin treatment for diabetes? |
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Definition
| DPP-4, given alone or with metformin and/or thiazolidinediones for patients with type 2 diabetes to improve glucose control. |
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Term
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Definition
Hypothyroidism.
Used for not enough thyroid. Myxedema; goiter can result. Initial dosage is large and smaller maintenance dose used for 1 year or longer.
Irritability, nervousness, insomnia headache, tremors, weight-loss, palpitations. |
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Term
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Definition
Hyperthyroidism.
Used for to much thyroid. Graves' disease; goiter.
headache, vertigo, drowsiness, neuritis, nausea, vomiting, Enlarged thyroid. Reduced GI motility. |
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Term
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Definition
| Increases metabolism of medications |
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Term
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Definition
| Decreases metabolism of medications and the meds may not be working. |
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Term
|
Definition
alendrontate (Fosamax)
Ibandronate (Boniva)
Must be taken on an empty stomach..inhibits bone resorption and does not allow calcium to come out of the bone. Used for Osteoporosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| hypercalciema. Drives calcium out of the bloodstream into the bone. Used for osteoporosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| To much calcium in the bloodstream. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pituitary abnormality..to much growth hormone. |
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Term
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Definition
Increases use of glucose by muscle and fat
-Decreases hepatic glucose production
-used for poly cystic ovarian syndrome
-Can cause lactic acidosis in older adults who have poor renal function |
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Term
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Definition
Oral hypoglycemic.
-Amylin analog
-Acts like amylin
-slows gastric emptying
-given for type 1 and 2 diabetes |
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Term
| Insulin levemir (Determir) |
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Definition
"Determined to last a long time"
-virtually no peak of action |
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Term
|
Definition
"Acts fast as lightning"
-Analog
-onset 5-10 min
-short duration
-can be used in a pump but NOT IN IV |
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Term
| Insulin glargine (lantus) |
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Definition
"Large & Last a long time"
-used for basal amount 24hrs
-long acting insulin's |
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Term
| Insulin aspart (Novo log) |
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Definition
Use "as part" of your meal.
-analog
-short duration
-fast acting
-can be used in a pump but NOT IN IV |
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Term
| Intermediate Insulin NPH (Humalin) |
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Definition
Intermediate acting NOT FOR IV
-cloudy -mixed
-onset 60-90 min
-duration: 18-24hrs
-peak 8-12 hrs |
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Term
|
Definition
This insulin "is a pro" ...acts so fast.
-Take with food
-short duration
-analog
-can be used in a pump but NOT IN IV |
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Term
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Definition
The only insulin's that can be given IV
Short acting
onset .5-1 hr and up to 6 |
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Term
| What is the action of Leuprolide (Lupon)? |
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Definition
Decreases production of testosterone & estrogen.
Treats; prostate, breast cancer.
endometriosis, uterine fibroid tumers. |
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Term
| What is the side effect of Leuprolide (Lupon)? |
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Definition
| When given for prostate cancer; increases bone pain, and difficulity urinating 1st few weeks of treatment. Also causes aggravate depression |
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Term
Leuprolide (Lupron)
Octrotide (Sandostatin)
Desmopressi (Simate)
Vasopression (Pitressin)
Oxytocin(Pitocin)are all classified as a ____? |
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Definition
| Hypothalmic/Pititary Hormone |
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Term
| What is the action of Octreotide (Sandostatin? |
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Definition
Immediate release injection is used to decrease e amount of growth hormone (a natural substance) produced by people with Acromegaly.
Treats |
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Term
| What is the action of Desmopressin (Stimate)? |
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Definition
Synthetic equivalent of ADH. Works by limiting the amt. of water that is eliminated in the urine.
To treat Diabetes insipidus and hemophilla |
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Term
| What is the action of Vasopressin (Pitressin)? |
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Definition
| Decreases urine outpt and increased urine osmolality in diabetes insipidus (bleeding due to vasoconstictive effects). |
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Term
| What is the action of Oxytocin (Pitocin)? |
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Definition
| Induction of labor. Control of postpartum bleeding |
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Term
| What is the action of Hydocortisone (P)? |
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Definition
Suppression of inflammation and modification ofhe normal immune response.
Also; allergic, heatologic, neoplastic, autoimmune disorders. |
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Term
| What is the action of Fluticason (Flovent)? |
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Definition
| Decreased frequency & severity of asthma attacks. Impoves asthma symptoms. Anti-immfammatory & immune modifier. |
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Term
| What is the action of Mineralcrticoid (Florinef)? |
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Definition
Decreased frequency & severity of asthma attacks. Impoves asthma symptoms. Anti-immfammatory & immune modifier.
Also treats; Addison't disease. |
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Term
| What is the action of Levothyroixine(P) (Synthroid, Levothroid) |
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Definition
Hypothyroidism
Replaces decreased or absent thyroid hormone, it restores metabolic rate of the hypothyrid individual. (T4) |
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Term
| What is the action of Propylthiouracil (P) (PTU) |
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Definition
Hyperthyroidism
Decreased S&S of hyperthyroidism. Production & release of tyroid hormone.
Thioamide drugs inhibit release of TH.
Iodine preps inhibit release of TH.
Radioactive iodine emits rays that destroy the tyroid gland.
Graves disease/goiter. |
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Term
| What is the action of Alendronate (Fosamax)? |
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Definition
Inhibits reabsorption of bone by inhibiting osteoclast activity.
Reversal of the progression of osteoporosis with decreased fractures and progression of Paget's disease (disease of the bone).
Prevention & treatment of postmenopasal women.
Treatment of men & women with glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis/decreased bone mineral density. |
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Term
| What is the action of Ibandronate (Boniva)? |
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Definition
Inhibits resorption of bone by inhibiting osteoclast activity.
Reversal/prevention of progression of osteoporosis with decreased fractures in postmenopasal women. |
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Term
| What is the action of Neutra-phos? |
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Definition
Replacement of phosphorus or potassium in deficiency states.
Treat & prevent hypophosphatemia/hypokalemia |
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Term
| What is the action of Calcium acetae (PhosLo)? |
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Definition
Essential for nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems. Maintain cell membrane and capillary permeability. Act as an activator in the transmission of nerve impulses and contraction of cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle. Essential for bone formation and blood coagulation. Treatment of hyperphosphatemia in end-stage renal disease.
Therapeutic Effects: Replacement of calcium in deficiency states.
Control of hyperphosphatemia in end-stage renal disease without promoting aluminum absorption.
Treatment and prevention of hypocalcemia, postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Control of hyperphosphatemia in end-stage renal disease. |
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Term
| What is the action of Calcium carbonate (Os-Cal, Tums) |
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Definition
Replacement of calcium in deficiency states. Control of hyperphosphatemia in end-stage renal disease without promoting aluminum absorption.
Therapeutic Effects: Replacement of calcium in deficiency states. Control of hyperphosphatemia in end-stage renal disease without promoting aluminum absorption.
Treatment and prevention of hypocalcemia, postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Control of hyperphosphatemia in end-stage renal disease. |
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Term
| What is the action of Calcitriol (Rocaltrol)? |
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Definition
Calcitriol is the active form of vitamin D. Promotes the absorption of calcium and decreases parathyroid hormone concentrations.
Therapeutic Effects: Treatment and prevention of deficiency states, particularly bone manifestations. Improved calcium and phosphorous homeostasis in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Also;hypocalcemia, hypoparathyroidism, pseudohypoparathyroidsm, and secondary hyperparathyroidism. |
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Term
| What is the side effect of Octreotide (Sandostatin? |
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Definition
| Itcing, hives, swelling face/hands, tingling mouth/throat, tightness in chest/breathing, fast, slow, irregular HR, increased urination, thrist, hunger or weight loss/gain. Nerousness, shakin, sweating. Severe pain in abdomen/cramps. Tirednss, weakness, coldness. Yellow skin/eyes |
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Term
| What is the side effect of Demopression (Stimate)? |
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Definition
| headaches, facial flushing, nausea, hypoatremia, seizures |
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Term
| What is the side effect of Vasopression (Pitressin) |
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Definition
dizziness "pounding sensation in head.
MI,angina, chest pain
abdominal cramps, belching, diarrhea, flatulence, heartburn, N&V
paleness, sweating
trembling
allergic reaction; fever, water intoxication. |
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Term
| What is the side effect of Oxytocin (Pitocin)? |
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Definition
Maternal;coma, seizure, intracranil hemorrhage, hypotention, hypochloremia, hypoatremia, water intoxication, increased motility, painful contractions, abruption placentae, decreased uterin blood flow, hypersensitvity.
Fetal; Asphyxia, hypoxia, arrhythmias |
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Term
| What is the side effect of Hydrocortisone (P)? |
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Definition
Increased; glucose, breakdown of proteins and fatty acids.
Decreased; inflammatory & immune response, bone formation(osteoporosis), viscosity of gastic mucus.
regulates BP, muscle strength, stabizes mast cells (lungs) to inhibit brochoconstrictive & inflammed response. |
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Term
| What is the side effect of Fluticason (Flovent)? |
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Definition
CNS: headache, agitation, depression, dizziness, fatigue, insomnia, restlessness.
EENT: dysphonia, hoarseness, cataracts, nasal congestion, pharyngitis, sinusitis.
Resp: bronchospasm, cough, wheezing.
GI: diarrhea, dry mouth, dyspepsia, esophageal candidiasis, taste disturbances, nausea.
Endo: adrenal suppression (↑ dose, long-term therapy only), decreased growth (children), ↓ bone mineral density (fluticasone).
MS: back pain.
Misc: CHURG-STRAUSS SYNDROME. |
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Term
| What is the side effect of Mineralcorticoid (Florinef)? |
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Definition
CNS: headache, agitation, depression, dizziness, fatigue, insomnia, restlessness.
EENT: dysphonia, hoarseness, cataracts, nasal congestion, pharyngitis, sinusitis.
Resp: bronchospasm, cough, wheezing.
GI: diarrhea, dry mouth, dyspepsia, esophageal candidiasis, taste disturbances, nausea.
Endo: adrenal suppression (↑ dose, long-term therapy only), decreased growth (children), ↓ bone mineral density (fluticasone).
MS: back pain.
Misc: CHURG-STRAUSS SYNDROME. |
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Term
| What is the side effect of (Levothyroixine (P) (Synthroid, Levothroid) |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the side effect of Propylthiouracil (P) (PTU) |
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Definition
CNS:drowsiness, headache, vertigo.
GI:Hepatotoxicity, N&V, diarrhea, loss of taste.
DERM:rash, skin discoloration, urticarial.
ENDO:hypothyroidism.
HEMAT: Agranulocytosis, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia.
MS:arthralgia
MISC:fever, lymphadenopathy, parotitis |
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Term
| What is the side effect of Alendronat (Fosamax)? |
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Definition
CNS: headache.
EENT: blurred vision, conjunctivitis, eye pain/inflammation.
CV: atrial fibrillation.
GI: abdominal distention, abdominal pain, acid regurgitation, constipation, diarrhea, dyspepsia, dysphagia, esophageal cancer, esophageal ulcer, flatulence, gastritis, nausea, taste perversion, vomiting.
Derm: erythema, photosensitivity, rash. MS: musculoskeletal pain, osteonecrosis (primarily of jaw). |
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Term
| What is the side effect of Ibandronate (Boniva)? |
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Definition
GI: diarrhea, dyspepsia, dysphagia, esophageal cancer, esophagitis, esophageal/gastric ulcer.
MS: musculoskeletal pain, pain in arms/legs, osteonecrosis (primarily of jaw).
Misc: injection site reactions |
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Term
| What is the side effect of Neutra-phos? |
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Definition
Related to hyperphosphatemia, unless otherwise indicated
CNS: confusion, listlessness, weakness. CV: ARRHYTHMIAS, CARDIAC ARREST, ECG changes (absent P waves, widening of the QRS complex with biphasic curve),
hypotension hyperkalemia: ARRHYTHMIAS, bradycardia, ECG changes (prolonged PR interval, ST segment depression, peaked T waves).
GI: abdominal pain, diarrhea, flatulence, nausea, vomiting. F and E hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia.
Local: irritation at IV site, phlebitis.
MS: muscle cramps, tremors.
Neuro: flaccid paralysis, heaviness of legs, paresthesias. |
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Term
| What is the side effect of Calcium acetate (PhosLo)? |
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Definition
CNS: headche, tingling.
CV: arrhythmias, bradycardia.
GI: constipation, nausea, vomiting.
GU: calculi, hypercalciuria.
Local: phlebitis (IV only). |
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Term
| What is the side effect of Calcium carbonate (Os-Cal, Tums)? |
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Definition
CNS: headche, tingling.
CV: arrhythmias, bradycardia.
GI: constipation, nausea, vomiting.
GU: calculi, hypercalciuria. |
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Term
| What is the side effect of Calcitriol (Rocaltrol)? |
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Definition
Seen primarily as manifestations of toxicity (hypercalcemia)
CNS: headache, somnolence, weakness. EENT: conjunctivitis, photophobia, rhinorrhea.
CV: arrhythmias, hypertension.
GI: abdominal pain, anorexia, constipation, dry mouth, liver function test elevation, metallic taste, nausea, PANCREATITIS, polydipsia, vomiting, weight loss.
GU: albuminuria, azotemia, decreased libido, nocturia, polyuria.
Derm: pruritus. F and E hypercalcemia. Local: pain at injection site.
Metab: hyperthermia.
MS: bone pain, metastatic calcification, muscle pain.
Misc: allergic reactions (pruritis, rash, urticaria). |
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Term
| Octreotide (Sandostatin) as classified as a ____? |
|
Definition
| Hypothalmic/Pituitary Hormone |
|
|
Term
Hydrocortisone (P)
Fluticason (Flovent) are classified as a ____? |
|
Definition
| Glucocorticoid or Corticosteroid |
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