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| Genetic term for an agent (usually a hormone, such as testosterone and androsterone) that stimulates development of male characteristics |
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| State in which the regulatory mechanisms of the body maintain an internal environment within tolerable levels, despite changes in the external environment |
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| pouch of skin in the male that contains the testicles |
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| Formation of a complex substance by the union of simpler compounds or elements |
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| Skin is the first line of defense against the invasion of pathogens in the body |
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| Cuatneous blood vessels dilate and constrict to help regulate body temperature |
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| Skin absorbs vitamin d (produced when skin is exposed to sunlight) needed for intestinal absorption of calcium; Excess calories are stored as subcutaneous fat |
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| Subcutaneous layer of the skin stores adipose tissue when insulin secretions cause excess carbohyrdate intake to fat storage |
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| Subcutaneous receptors provide pleasurable sensations associated with sexual behaviors; skin stretches to accomodate the growing fetus during pregnancy |
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| Receptors in the skin respond to sexual stimuli; Skin provides an alternative route for excreting salts and nitrogenous wastes in the form of perspiration |
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| Skin synthesizes vitamin D needed for absorption of calcium essential for muscle contraction; Skin also synthesizes vitamin D needed for growth, repair, and maintenance of bones |
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| cutaneous receptors detect stimuli related to touch, pain, pressure, and temperature |
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| Skin temperature may influence respiratory rate. As temperature increases, respiratory rate may also increase; Hairs of the nasal cavity filter particles from inspired air before it reaches the lower respiratory tract |
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| horny tissue; hard; cornea |
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| hardening; sclera (white of the eye) |
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| flat lesion; flat, pigmented, circumscribed area less than 1 cm in diameter |
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elevated solid lesion; less than 1 cm, may be the same color as the skin or pigmented
ex. wart, ringworm, pimple |
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elevated solid lesions; palpable, circumscribed lesion, extends into dermal area, larger and deeper than a papule
ex. benign or malignant tumor |
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solid, elevated lesion larger than 2 cm extends into dermal and subcutaneous layers
ex. lipoma, steatoma, hemangioma |
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solid elevated firm rounded lesion with localized skin edmea that varies in size, shape, and color; accompanied by itching
ex. hives, insect bites |
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elevated, circumscribed, fluid-filled lession less than .5 cm in diameter
ex. posion ivy, shingles |
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small, raised, circumscribed lesion that contains pus, usually less than 1 cm
ex. acne, scabies |
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a vesicle or blister larger than 1 cm in diameter
ex. second degree burns, severe poison oak, poison |
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depressed lesion; linear scratch marks of traumatized abrasions of the epidermis
ex. scratches, chemical or thermal burns |
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| depressed lesion; small slit or crack like sore that extends into the dermal layer caused by continuous inflammation and drying |
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depressed lesion; an open sore or lesion that extends to the dermis and usually heals with scarring
ex. pressure sore, basal cell carcinoma |
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Grade 1
Tumor cells well differentiated |
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| Close resemblance to tissue of origin, thus, retaining some specialized functions |
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Grade 2
Tumor cells moderately differentiated |
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less resemblance to tissue of origin
more variation in size and shape of tumor cells
increased mitosis |
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Grade 3
Tumor cells poorly to very poorly differentiated |
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only remotely resembles tissue of origin
marked variation in shape and size of tumor cells
greatly increased mitosis |
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Grade 4
Tumor cells very poorly differentiated |
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little or no resemblance to tissue of origin
extreme variation in size and shape of tumor cells |
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| Stage 1 carcinoma in sity indicates the tumor is in a defined location and shows no invasion into surrounding tissues |
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| Stage 2 primary tumor size and extent of local invasion, where T1 is small with minimal invasion and T4 is large with extensive local invasion into surrounding organs and tissues |
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| regional lymph nodes show no abnormalities |
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| Stage 3 degree of lymph node involvement and spread to regional lymph nodes, where N1 is less involvement with minimal spreading and N4 is more involvement with extensive spreading |
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| no evidence of metastasis |
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Stage 4
indicates Metastasis |
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| localized collection of pus at the site of an infection (characteristically a staphyloccal infection) |
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| Inflammatory disease of the sebacceous glands and hair follicles of the skin with characteristic lesions that include blackheads, inflammatory papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts; usually associated with seborhea; also called acne vulgaris |
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| Partial or complete loss of hair resulting from normal aging, an endocrine disorder, a drug reaction, anticancer medication, or a skin disease; commonly called baldness |
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| Form of intraepidermal carcinoma (squamous cell) characterized by red-brown scaly or crusted lesions that resemble a patch of psoriasis or dermatitis |
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| diffuse (widespread), acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue |
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| pigmentary skin discoloration usually occuring in yellowish brown patches or spots |
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| typical small skin lesions of acne vulgaris caused by accumulation of keratin, bacteria, and dried sebum plugging an excretory duct of the skin |
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| infection of the skin caused by fungi |
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| skin discoloration consisting of a large, irregularly formed hemorrhagic area with colors changing from blue-black to greenish brown or yellow; commonly called a bruise |
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| Chronic skin inflammation characterized by erythema, papules, vesicles, pustules, scales, crusts, scabs, and possibly itching |
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| redness of the skin caused by swelling of the capillaries |
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| damaged tissue following a severe burn |
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| bacterial skin infection characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture |
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| thickened area of the epidermis or any horny growth on the skin (such as a callus or wart) |
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| small brown macules, especially on the face and arms, brought on by sun exposure, usually in a middle-aged or older person |
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| unnatural paleness or absence of color in the skin |
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| infestation with lice, transmitted by personal contact or common use of brushes, combs, or headgear |
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| minute, pinpoint hemorrhage under the skin |
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| skin ulceration caused by prolonged pressure from lying in one position that prevents blood flow to the tissues usually in bedridden patients; also known as decubitus ulcer |
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| chronic skin disease characterized by circumscribed red patches covered by thick, dry, silvery, adherent scales caused by excessive development of the basal layer of the epidermis |
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| any of several bleeding disorders characterized by hemorrhage into the tissues, particularly beneath the skin or mucous membranes, producing eccymoses or petechiae |
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| contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mite, commonly through sexual contact |
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| fungal skin infectionwhose name commonly indicates the body part affected, also called ringworm |
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| allergic reaction of the skin characterized by the eruption of pale red, elevated patches called wheals or hives |
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| epidermal growth caused by virus; also known as warts |
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| localized loss of skin pigmentation characterized by milk-white patches |
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| any test in which a suspected allergen or sensitizer is applied to or injected into the skin to determine the patient's sensitivity to it |
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| skin test that identifies suspected allergens by subcutaneously injecting small amounts of extracts of the suspected allergens and observing the skin for subsequent reaction |
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| Skin test that identifies suspected allergens by topical application of the substance to be tested (such as food, pollen, and animal fur), usually on the forearm, and observing for a subsequent reaction |
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| scratch (prick) skin test |
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| skin test that identifies suspected allergens by placing a small quantity of the suspected allergen on a lightly scratched area of the skin |
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| chemical removal of the outer layer of skin to treat acne scarring and general keratosis; also called chemabrasion |
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| removal of necrotized tissue from a wound by surgical excision, enzymes, or chemical agents |
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| rubbing (abrasion) using wire brushes or sandpaper to mechanically scrape away (abrade) the epidermis |
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| tissue destruction by means of high-frequency electric current; also called electrodesiccation |
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| use of subfreezing temperature (commonly liquid nitrogen) to destroy or eliminate abnormal tissue, such as tumors, warts, and unwanted, cancerous, or infected tissue |
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| surgical procedure to transplant healthy tissue by applying it to an injured site |
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| transplantation of healthy tissue from one person to another person; also called homograft |
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| transplantation of healthy tissue from one site to another site in the same individual |
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| transplantation of artificial skin produced from collagen fibers arranged in a lattice pattern |
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| transplantation (dermis only) from a foreign donor (usually a pig) and transferred to a human; also called a heterograft |
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alter the cell wall of fungi or disrupt enzyme activity, resulting in cell death
nystatin, itraconazole |
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inhibit allergic reactions of inflammation, redness, and itching caused by the release of histamine
disphenhydramine, loratadine |
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topically applied agents the inhibit growth of bacteria, thus preventing infections in cuts, scratches, and surgical incisions
ethly orisopropyl alcohol, hydrogen peroxide |
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decrease inflammation and itching by suppressing the immune system's inflammatory response to tissue damage
hydrocortisone, triamcinolone |
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destroy and soften the outer layer of skin so that it is sloughed off or shed
tretinoin |
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kill insect parasites, such as mites and lice
lindane, permethrin |
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cover, cool, dry, or soothe inflamed skin
lotions, ointments |
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block sensation of pain by numbing the skin layers and mucous membranes
lidocaine, procaine |
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| cancer, chornological age, cardiac arrest |
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| impression (synonymous with diagnosis) |
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